Integrated Automatic Fingerprint Identification System ( IAFIS ), is a computerized system managed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) since 1999. It is a national automatic fingerprint identification and criminal system history. IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent search capabilities, electronic image storage, and electronic fingerprint and response exchanges. IAFIS stores fingerprints and criminal history from 70 million subjects in criminal master files, 31 million civil prints, and fingerprints of 73,000 terrorists known and suspected of being processed by the US or by international law enforcement agencies!
A proper background check of work and purchase of firearms causes residents to be permanently recorded in the system. For example, the State of Washington mandates that all applicants seeking employment in inpatient settings that accommodate minors who are vulnerable (such as children with mental disorders, physical or emotional pain) are fingerprints and enter IAFIS as part of the examination their background to determine whether the applicant has a record of criminal behavior.
Fingerprints are voluntarily handed over to the FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. These institutions obtain fingerprints through criminal arrests or from non-criminal sources, such as background checks on work and the US-VISIT program. The FBI then catalogs the fingerprint along with the criminal history associated with the subject.
Law enforcement agencies may then request a search at IAFIS to identify the crime scene (latent) fingerprints obtained during criminal investigations. Civilian search is also done, but the FBI charges a slower fee and response time.
A more advanced Next Generation Identification System began operations in 2011.
Video Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Technology
The device used to scan fingerprints directly to AFIS is called Direct Scan. The process of obtaining prints via LiveScan uses scrolling printing or placing flat impressions onto the glass plate above the camera unit. The process of obtaining a print by placing a ten-print card (print taken with ink) onto a flatbed or high-speed scanner is called CardScan (or sometimes DeadScan). In addition to this device, there are other devices to capture prints from the scene, as well as devices (both wired and wireless) to capture one or two live finger impressions. The most common method for obtaining a fingerprint image remains a cheap ink pad and paper form. The scanning form ("fingerprint card") with AFIS forensics complies with the standards set by the FBI and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
To match prints, fingerprint technicians scan in the print in question, and computer algorithms are used to mark all the minutia, core, and delta points detected in the printout. In some systems, technicians are allowed to review the points detected by software, and submit feature sets to one-to-many (1: N) searches. Better commercial systems provide fully automated processing and search ("light-out") of the print feature. The fingerprint image processor will usually set a "quality measure" that indicates whether the print is acceptable for search.
Maps Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Speed ​​
The average response time for electronic crime fingerprint shipment is about 27 minutes, while electronic civil delivery is processed in one hour and 12 minutes. IAFIS processes more than 61 million submissions for ten prints during fiscal year 2010.
In popular culture
In forensic television series such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and spin-offs, researchers often match fingerprints with AFIS databases.
- In the TV show NCIS , Abby Sciuto used the IAFIS database for the NCIS team.
- In the TV show Dexter Season 1 episode 2 Dexter uses IAFIS to test the man prints in the bar.
- In the TV show Dexter Season 7 episode 1 Dexter uses IAFIS to test female fingerprints in the trunk of a car.
- In the Person of Interest show on Season 1 episode 18, Donnelly uses IAFIS to match John's fingerprint with the previous crime in New York.
See also
- The Joint-Index DNA System - US. The DNA system
- Eurodac - European fingerprint database to identify asylum seekers and irregular border crossers
- National Automatic Fingerprint Identification System - Australian System
References
External links
- Federal Bureau of Investigation - CJIS Division - Integrated Automatic Finger Identification System
- IAFIS Identifies Suspects from the 1978 Murder Case
- End of Year Hits - Fingerprint Tool Helps Solve Murder 1999
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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