The O'Donnell dynasty (Ireland: ÃÆ' "DÃÆ'³naill i> ÃÆ' "Do? naill ; derived from the name of Ireland Domhnall, which means" world ruler ", DÃÆ'³nall in modern Irish) is a family of ancient and powerful Irish kings, princes and rulers Tyrconnell (in Irish, now Donegal County) in the early days, and the main ally and sometimes rival O'Neills in Ulster.
Video O'Donnell dynasty
Konvensi penamaan
Maps O'Donnell dynasty
Origins
Like the O'Neill family, that O'Donnell of Tyrconnell is of the sick UAE, originally from Niall of the Nine Hostages, the High King of Ireland at the beginning of the 5th century; O'Neill, or CenÃÆ' © l nEÃÆ'³gain, trace their genealogy to EÃÆ'³gan mac NÃÆ' Â © sick, and O'Donnells, or CenÃÆ' Â © l Conaill, to Conall Gulban, the two sons of Niall. Conall was baptized by St. Patrick.
Weapons and motto
The Roman Emperor Constantine the Great turned to Christianity after a vision before the famous Milvian Bridge Battle, after seeing chi-rho in the sky, and from there motto In Hoc Signo Vinces , telling him that he would win by the cross. Chi-rho is adopted on banners, labarums, enforced on a vexillum, which resembles a Christian cross, and in time the motto becomes associated with the Cross across Europe. Legend has it that Saint Patrick struck the shield of Conall, son of King Niall of the Nine Hostages, with his crosier, called Bachall Iosa (Jesus' staff) who wrote there the sign of the cross and told him the same thing, and was baptized. he. According to St. Patrick's Life and Story (chapter 138), commissioned by Sir John de Courcy and written by Jocelyn of Furness (circa 1185 AD), St. Patrick took his staff, known as the staff of Jesus, or Bacall Iosa, and struck the shield of Prince Conall, making the sign of the Cross on it, "and mox cum baculo suo, qui baculus Jesu dicebatur Crucis signum ejus scuto impressit, asserens neminem de stirpe ejus in bello vincendum qui signum illud ", and thus indicates that he and his descendants will be victors in battle if they follow the mark. This legend is also described centuries later at Lebhar Inghine i Dhomhnaill. The land became TÃÆ'r Chonaill , Tyrconnell, Conall's land.
Conall's guardian Conall, and this motto, has been the main weapon of O'Donnell in various forms, for centuries. This motto also appears prominently placed as the motto on the ribbon that stretched with a passionate cross to the left, beneath the window above Scala Regia, adjacent to the equestrian statue of Bernini Emperor Constantine, at the Vatican. The Emperor and other kings, having saluted the Pope, descended to Scala Regia, and would observe the light shining through the windows, with motto, reminiscent of Constantine's vision, and reminded to follow the Cross. They will turn right into the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica, as if so inspired. In previous versions (before Bernini's renovation in the mid-seventeenth century), something similar might have been in harmony with and was observed by Prince Rory O'Donnell, the first Earl of Tyrconnell after his visit to Pope Paul V (at Palazzo Quirinale) in Rome , shortly before his death in 1608. It was of course in tune with and has been observed by Cardinal Patrick O'Donnell.
Territory
Tyrconnell, an area named after Cenel Conaill, is a vast area where O'Donnells hold power, comprising the largest part of the modern Donegal county except the Inishowen peninsula. But it also includes areas outside of Donegal, such as Baronies Carbury in County Sligo, Rosclogher in County Leitrim, and Magheraboy and Firlurg in County Fermanagh, and parts of south Londonderry County, thereby straddling the modern Republic of Ireland as well as parts of Northern Ireland in England. The jewel in O'Donnell's crown is Donegal Castle, one of the seven castles of O'Donnell, and is now a national monument partly restored by the Public Works Office. Tyrconnell also therefore borders the territory ruled by O'Neills of Tyrone, who periodically strives to affirm their claims of supremacy upon it, and hence the history of O'Donnells is for the majority of clan war records with their powers. neighbors, and from their own efforts to make their claims both for the control of the northern Connacht vessel, and the wider balest of Ulster. Nevertheless Tyrconnell existed for the period as an independent kingdom, recognized by King Henry III of England (see Close Roll, at Tower of London, 28th Hen 3m.7).
Ascendancy
Gofraidh ÃÆ' â € Å"Domhnaill, the first chief, is the son of Domhnall MÃÆ'³r ÃÆ'â € Å" Domhnaill. In 1257, Gofraidh won when he went to war in Creadran-Cille against Brian Ua NÃÆ' Â © sick. After Gofraidh's death, after the wounds that occurred during the battle against ÃÆ' â € Å"NÃÆ' Â © sick, he succeeded in chieftainship by his brother Domhnall ÃÆ'â € Å" g, who returned from Scotland in time to withstand the successful demands of ÃÆ' â € Å"NÃÆ'Â © sick. Overtime, King O'Donnell of Tyrconnell is known as the King of Fisheries on the Continent of Europe, purportedly due to the exports of fish traded for wine in La Rochelle.
Protection from the O'Donnell dynasty
O'Donnells is the protector of art, and the religious. In particular, one, Manus, wrote a biography of ColmCille (St. Columba). They are also Franciscan supporters at Donegal Abbey. They also carried out "patronus juice" to nominate bishops.
Charity of the O'Donnell dynasty
At the beginning of the 14th century, the O'Donnell rulers helped the Templars escape through Sligo and Tyrconnell to Scotland where a Templar monastery was in Ballymote [1], a Percival family estate for the last 300 years.
The O'Donnell ruler of Tyrconnell is also known for being at the end of the 12th century given a sanctuary for the Donlevy dynasty of Ulaid (Ulster), after their kingdom fell to John de Courcy in 1177. In Tyrconnell there was a branch of Donlevy known as MacNulty's, from Irish Mac an Ultaigh , meaning "son of Ulster", refers to their former Ulaid kingdom. During Donlevy's exile at Tyrconnell, The O'Donnell gave them a high Gaelic status of " ollahm leighis " or his official doctor.
The fact is two of the deposed MacDonlevy (& gt; MacNulty) nobles and Roman Catholic priests who were exiled in Tyrconnell, Fathers Muiris Ulltach at Muiris mac full Donnchadh Ulltach ÃÆ' â € Å"DuinnshlÃÆ' Â © ibhe and Muiris Ulltach in Muiris mac SeaÃÆ'¡n Ulltach ÃÆ' â € Å"DuinnshlÃÆ'Â © ibhe, who along with Archbishop Tuam attended Hugh Roe O'Donnell (aka Red Hugh O'Donnell), The O'Donnell of 1601 Kinsale's fame, in exile on his deathbed at Simancas Castle in Spain in 1602 And in turn Ireland Count O'Donnell lovingly married the widow (d 1708) of Don-Levi, a Jacobite (Jacobitism) and, thus, to James II of England and the failure of his French allies to reclaim the crown England, MacDonlevy last to sit in Ireland (departing 1691), after the prince died in exile with Stuart in France at the Archbishopric of Treves. This union of MacDonlevy and O'Donnell, though, is no problem.
In the absence of the indulgences of the O'Donnell dynasty kings who have defended MacDonlevy and MacNulty doctors as a dignified community, it is debatable whether they could have so far influenced the course of western medicine, educating and training Niall ÃÆ' "GlacÃÆ'¡in (L) Nellanus Glacanus) in the medical arts, so that he could later in the Continent apply the empirical method to pioneer the field of anatomy and forensic pathology, first describing the lung petechia bleeding and swelling of the spleen incidence (Tractatus de Peste, 1629), and early describes empirical methods of differential diagnosis for the continental European medical community, and produces medieval physicians and medical scholars of Cormac MacDonlevy translators from Latin to the language of Bernard de Gordon's Lilium Medicines Gaulteris Agilon De dosibus and Gui de Chuliac Chirurgia .
Then in the early 13th century, O'Donnell also provided assistance to ÃÆ'â € Å"Royal Kings Clà ©  © Yagh, from UÃÆ' Fiachrach Aidhne. Onara Ultach is a descendant of the MacDonlevy (dynasty) kingdom of Ulidia (kingdom), as mentioned above after the fall of the Ulster empire to the Anglo-Norman troops from Henry Plantagenet served as olegam lieghis or an authorized doctor for O'Donnell. the kings of Tyrconnell. Onara married to Donnchadh ÃÆ'â € Å"ClÃÆ' © irigh, son of the head of the family ÃÆ'â € Å" ClÃÆ' © irigh then also from Tyconnell. ÃÆ'â € Å"ClÃÆ' © irigh is too educated the Irish royal family who have lost their sub-kingdoms in UÃÆ' Fiachachach Aidhne in the now-present County Galway for Anglo-Norman troops from Henry Plantagenet. ÃÆ'â € Å"ClÃÆ' © irigh then goes to serve O'Donnell as a poet of historians, scribes and secretaries or official administrators, referred to in Irish " ollam fine ". Onara bore to Donnchadh a son of MÃÆ'ÂÆ' ¢ ÃÆ' ¢ ÃÆ'â € Å"ClÃÆ' © irigh (1590 - 1643), Michael O'Cleary, who ruled himself to be the lead author of the Annals of the Four Masters. However, for a variety of O'Donnell, this unity would never happen, and Michael O'Cleary never lived in memory of the Irish Gaelic history.
Royal Household
The Royal Household was known in Gaelic as "Lucht Tighe" and consisted of several offices carried on from generation to generation by certain heads and members of certain families, for more than four centuries.
- Lektor & amp; Inauguration of Chieftaincy - O'Friel (ÃÆ' â € Å"Frighil)
- Gallowglass Marshalls & amp; Standard - Carrier - McSweeney (Mac Suibhne)
- The Cavalry Commander - O'Gallagher (ÃÆ' â € Å"Gallchobhair)
- Mayor Cathach of St. Columba - Roarty (Mac Robhartaigh)
- Historians and Scribes - O'Clery (ÃÆ' â € Å"ClÃÆ' Â © irigh), former king of UÃÆ' Fiachrach Aidhne
- Brehons or Judge - Breslin (ÃÆ' â € Å"Breaslain)
- Bards & amp; Poet - Ward (Mac an Bhaird)
- Doctor - Donleavy (Mac DuinnshlÃÆ' Â © ibhe), formerly the King of Ulster (DÃÆ'¡l Fiatach of Ulaid)
- Herenagh from church land/Castle Guards Donegal & amp; Ballyshannon Castle - McMenamin (Mac Meanman)
- Stockmen/Cattle Drivers - Timoney (ÃÆ' â € Å"TiomÃÆ'¡naigh)
Later struggle and diaspora
The O'Donnells beat O'Neills at the Knockavoe Battle of 1522. In 1541 Manus O'Donnell took part in the process of "Surrender and regret". In 1567 O'Donnells won the Farsetmore Battle against O'Neills, reaffirming their autonomy at Ulster.
During the Nine-Year War of 1594-1603, O'Donnells of Tyrconnell played a leading role, led by the famous Prince Red Hugh O'Donnell. Under his leadership, and his ally Hugh O'Neill, they advanced to Kinsale and besieged the British troops in anticipation of the Spanish invasion. On the way, they planted some of O'Donnell's relatives in Ardfert and Lixnaw to protect their ally's territory, FitzMaurice, Lord of Kerry. The Battle of Kinsale disappeared in 1601, touting the end of the order of Gaelic and Brehon Law in Ireland, and the settlement of the Elizabethan conquest. After the Mellifont Treaty of 1603, the new King James I forgave Rory O'Donnell and created him the Earl of Tyrconnell in the title of the Irish nobility.
Rory then unfortunately joined in Flight of the Earls in 1607, which caused the title to be a concern in 1614, and Tyrconnell and Ulster were colonized at the Ulster Plantation. He died in exile in Rome in 1608.
Succession
The dynasty's head is traditionally also called "The O'Donnell", and was inaugurated as a tribal chief in an elaborate ceremony, under the Law of Tanistry, part of the ancient Law of Brehon Law. Since the collapse of the Gaelic Rule and Brehon's legal system, the succession of "Chief Names" has followed the principle of male ancestors.
On this basis, the current nominal head of O'Donnell Clan (Clann Domhnaill), who holds the honorary title of "The O'Donnell", the latest in the O'Donnell Chief Name line of Tyrconnell, commonly known as Prince, is < Fr. Hugh O'Donel, O.F.M. , a Franciscan priest in Dublin who recently retired from missionary work in Zimbabwe. The widely-acknowledged tÃÆ'¡naiste (or testator) as The O'Donnell of Tyrconnell , Prince and Chief of the Name of O'Donnell, is S.E. Don Hugo O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan , Grandfather from Spain. He is known as S.E. Don Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada - the final supplement Duque de Estrada is not a title but a maternal family name. Don Hugo is an active member of the O'Donnells Clan Association of Tyrconnell, and a member of the Sovereign Military Peace Order from Saint John of Jerusalem, Rhodes, and Malta, the Maltese Knights.
Descendants
- Manus O'Donnell (1490-1564), The O'Donnell, 21st Chieftain, King of Tyrconnell, and biographer Saint Colmcille or Columba
- Calvagh O'Donnell (w.1566), The O'Donnell, 22 Chieftain and Lord of Tyrconnell
- Niall Garve O'Donnell (1569-1626), Count of Tyrconnell
- Hugh Roe ÃÆ' "Donnell (1572-1601), The O'Donnell, Chief of the 24th Tribe, Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell
- Rory O'Donnell, Tyrconnell's 1st Earl (1575-1608), The O'Donnell, Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell
- Hugh O'Donnell, Tyrconnell 2nd Earl (1606-1642), Prince and Lord of Tyrconnell
- Karl O'Donnell (1715-1771), Count of Tyrconnell
- Henry O'Donnell (1769-1834), Count of La Bisbal, the Irish-Spanish nobleman (de: Joseph Heinrich O'Donnell)
- Maurice O'Donnell de Tyrconnell (1780-1843), from Pressburg, also known as Moritz Graf O'Donnell von Tyrconnell, Irish-Austrian Counting
- Maximilian Karl Lamoral O'Donnell von Tyrconnell, (1812-1895), Irish-Austrian tally, son of Maurice/Moritz
- Jean Louis Barthelemy O'Donnell (1783-1836), Count of Ireland-France, member of Napoleon Conseil d'ÃÆ'â € tat and LÃÆ'Â Â © gion d'honneur
- Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan (1809-1867), former Prime Minister of Spain
- Carlos O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan 2 (1834-1903), State Minister for Spain
- Juan O'Donnell, Duke of the 3rd Tetuan (1864-1928), Minister of War for Spain
- Cardinal Patrick O'Donnell (1856-1927), from Glenties, Co. Donegal, Bishop Raphoe, Archbishop Armagh, Cardinal
- Peadar O'Donnell (1893-1986), republic, socialist, activist and radical Irish politician
- Patrick Denis O'Donnell (1922-2005), Irish Defense Commander/Army, UN peacekeepers, military historian and author
- Guillermo O'Donnell, (1936-2011), Argentine political scientist, professor, author, and international activist for democracy
- Hugo O'Donnell, 7th Duke of Tetuan (born 1948), Spanish naval historian and Knight of Malta
Recent time
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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