Breast hematoma

src: i.ytimg.com

Breast hematoma is a collection of blood in the breast. It arises from internal bleeding (bleeding) and may arise from trauma (breast or surgical injury) or due to non-traumatic causes.

Video Breast hematoma

Symptoms

Symptoms may include visible color changes (ecchymosis), breast tenderness, and swelling.

The symptoms may be similar to fibrocystic breast changes.

Maps Breast hematoma

Cause

Breast hematoma can occur due to direct trauma to the breast, for example from sports injuries or road accidents, such as vehicle collisions where a seatbelt injury occurs.

Hematoma can also be a consequence of breast surgery, usually due to postoperative hemorrhage. Bleeding may occur immediately after the intervention or a few days later and may occur for cosmetic surgery (eg breast reduction or breast enlargement) and for non-cosmetic surgery (eg removal of lymph nodes, lumpectomy, or mastectomy). More rarely, a hematoma can be produced from a breast biopsy.

Rarely, breast hematomas can also occur spontaneously due to rupture of blood vessels in the breast, especially in people with coagulopathy or after long-term use of blood-thinning medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

src: i.ytimg.com

Diagnosis

When there is postoperative swelling after breast surgery or a needle core biopsy, breast ultrasound examination may be indicated to differentiate between hematoma and possibly other post-surgical complications such as abscess or seroma, recent hematoma usually seen in mammograms. and it also shows the typical signal intensity on MR imaging. If differentiation of breast cancer is required, a hematoma biopsy may be indicated.

Careful consideration of case history is important for the diagnosis of breast hematoma.

src: ctisus.com

Pathophysiology

A small breast hematoma often disappears by itself within days or weeks by way of blood reabsorption. Larger hematomas are more likely to cause inflammation or fibrosis.

Breast hematoma can sometimes cause skin discoloration, inflammation, or fever. When the hematoma disappears, it may become fibrotic, leaving scar tissue. The improved hematoma can dilute to form the seroma.

Postoperative breast hematoma can also inhibit wound healing and therefore impact on cosmetic outcomes. Hematoma is also one of the risk factors for breast surgery site infection. There is early evidence that, after breast implant surgery, the presence of hematoma increases the risk of developing capsular contracture.

In mammography screening, scar tissue resulting from breast hematoma can easily be confused with tumor tissue, especially in the first years after surgery. In the end, fat necrosis can occur in the area of ​​the breast in question.

src: www.radiologyassistant.nl

Treatment

Small breast hematomas that cause discomfort often require only clinical observation, with ultrasound used to monitor hematoma resolution.

Hematoma large breasts, or those that do not become smaller or that cause discomfort, usually require drainage. Also the hematoma that occurs after surgery for excision of malignant tumor is dried, because the applied hematoma is unlikely to be solved. The recent hematoma can be dried by needle aspiration or (rarely) open surgical drainage.

src: www.clinicalimagingscience.org

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia