Indonesian slang

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Indonesian slang ( slang language or prokÃÆ' Â © m ) is an informal language in Indonesia. Regardless of its origins, Indonesian slang often differs significantly in both the vocabulary and grammatical structures of the most standard Indonesian national form.

Video Indonesian slang

Histori

The original name, the slang language ('social language'), was a term created in the late 1990s where languages ​​ meant 'language' and slang > means 'social', 'cool' or 'trendy'. Similarly, the term prokÃÆ' © m (a more ancient name for the Indonesian language) made in the early 1980s means 'gangster language'. Prokà © m is a slang language of the word prÃÆ' © man and comes from the Dutch word vrijman (English: freeman ; lit. gangster).

Indonesian slang is mostly used in everyday conversations, social milieus, among popular media and, to some extent, in teen publications or pop culture magazines. For those living in more urban areas of Indonesia, Indonesian slang language often serves as the primary language medium for communication in everyday life. While it is not uncommon to communicate orally with casual people in very formal Indonesian, proper or proper use of Indonesian or "good and proper" ( "Indonesian" ) is abundant in media, government agencies, schools, universities, workplaces, among some of Indonesia's top class members or nobles as well as in many other more formal situations.

Indonesian slang has grown rapidly. This is, in part, because the vocabulary that is often very different from standard Indonesian and Malaysian languages ​​and also because so many new words (both native and foreign) are quite easily incorporated into an expanded vocabulary list. However, like any language, constant time change means that some words are rarely used or considered obsolete because they are considered outdated or no longer following the modern trends.

Maps Indonesian slang

Classification

Currently, there is no formal classification for Indonesian slang because it is basically a manipulated and popularized form of Indonesian (Indonesian national language).

Bahasa Indonesia is part of the Western Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language branch. According Ethnologue, Indonesian is modeled after Riau Malay, an ancient Malay form originally spoken in Northeast Sumatra.

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Geographic distribution

Indonesian slang is mostly used in urban areas of the Indonesian archipelago. Speech variations can be found from city to city, especially marked by derivatives of different local ethnic languages. For example, in Bandung, West Java, the local slang language contains a vocabulary from Sundanese while the slang languages ​​found in Jakarta tend to be strongly influenced by English or the ancient Batavian dialect (ie, the indigenous language of Jakarta or Batavia known during the Dutch colonial period). For more information related to Indonesian slang geography and regional influences, please see "Local Special Slang" below.

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Official status

Bahasa Indonesia slang is not the official language of Indonesia. However, it is a modified form of the Indonesian language and is widely used for day-to-day communication and in informal situations. Sometimes mixed with formal Indonesian in formal situations, except during state ceremonies, business meetings, and sacred prayers.

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​​Sound

Indonesian slang generally uses the same pronunciation as standard Indonesian, although there is much influence from regional dialects on certain aspects such as accents and grammatical structures. Loan words adopted from foreign languages ​​(especially Europe) such as English or Dutch are often transliterated according to modern Indonesian orthography. For example, 'please' is often written as plis . Another closely related phenomenon to emerge in recent years is the formation of complex nouns or phrases created using a combination of English and Indonesian (slang) in one sentence. The main example of this is the sentence "so what so loh!" , which means "who cares?!" or enough "so what!" with additional emphasis from the phrase "gitu loh" . "Gitu" is an abbreviated form of the Indonesian word "so" which means "like that", while "loh" (also spelled < i> lho ) are particles commonly used in slang or Indonesian language to show surprise or trigger warnings. In the combined cases of these interlingual phrases, the original (and quite often pronunciation) spelling of foreign words is retained. Therefore, the English component of the Indonesian slang phrase "so what so!" remains relatively unchanged as long as the spelling and pronunciation are noticed.

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Grammar

Indonesia's overall slang structure is not much different from formal Indonesian, although in many cases the sentence is simplified or shortened when necessary. The distinction between formal Indonesian and everyday language is most evident in the structure of vocabulary and grammar (eg affix).

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Vocabulary

The Indonesian slang structure is largely derived from formal Indonesian, but vocationalally it is a completely different story. The Indonesian slang vocabulary is enriched by derivative combinations or loan/structure words from foreign languages ​​such as Min Nan commonly referred to as Hokkien, English, and Dutch, as well as local ethnic languages ​​such as Batavia, Sundanese, and Java. However, in many cases, new words are only randomly generated, their origins are often unclear.

o Most of the vocabulary used in Indonesian slang is developed from formal Indonesian through several methods, most of which are listed below:

• Secure active verbsisation, shortening or excluding the original prefix and adding - at the end of the word, for example:
  • should (think) (think) be think
  • ask (ask) (ask) to nanyain ("I" exceptions), often with a glottal stop between a and i , so nanya'in
• Adds -in at the end of a passive transitive verb, for example:
  • taught (taught) to diajarin
  • beaten (beaten) to dipukulin
• Adds to - at the beginning of a passive intransitive verb, rather than using a pronunciation and changing from 'a' to 'e' (Java effect) for example:
  • get caught (caught) to be ketangkep
  • terpelÃÆ'  © sÃÆ'  © t (accidentally inserted) to kepelÃÆ'¼Å © sÃÆ'  © t
• Eliminate one or more letters of the word, for example:
  • depleted (finished/finished/emptied) to abis
  • know (know) to tau
  • already (already) to already/udÃÆ' Â © h
• Contractions of two or more words into one word, for example: Thank you (thank)
• watch image (to preserve one's social image) to ja'im , with a glottal stop between a and i
• confidence (confidence) to PD or pÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â ©
• unclear (not clear) to gajÃÆ' Â © or gajÃÆ' Â © bo (not clear bo ')
• lazy to move (lazy to move) to mager

Changing the letters a with e in some words (Java effect), for example:

• true (true) to bener
• smart (smart) to smart
• lazy (lazy) to men or mager
• fresh (fresh) to seger

Make diphthong contracts into single-letter letters, for example:

• if (if) becomes if
• use (usage) to pakÃÆ' Â ©
• to (up to sampÃÆ' Â ©

Quiet consonant additions/exclusions and glottal stop to start/end of word:

• use (used) to pakÃÆ' Â © or even pakÃÆ' Â © k (final -k be a glottal stop)
• not (no, not) to not or guns or even not/ga/kaga/avoid/prevent ( baseball itself also slang.)

Contract the initial three letters with the afterword infix after the first letter (ends with the nearest consonant if the third letter is vowel), for example:

• father/father> (father) to Bokap
• Mother (Mother) Go to Nyokap
• sell (sell) to jokul
• bÃÆ' Â © rack (defecate) to bokÃÆ' Â © r
• Father and Mother (Father and Mother) becomes bonyok

Add prefix nge - (before consonant, except k) or ng - (before vowels and k) to flag events, for example:

• speeding (fast running)
• ngedance (dancing)
• ngedrink (drink)
• ngedrug (do drugs)
• ngegebet (to retrieve)
• ngafe (go to cafe)
• ngurur or ngacir (escape)
• dream (dreaming)
• talk (talk)
• drool (drool)
• ngentot (having sex)

or Beberapa kata hanya ditransliterasikan dari bahasa Inggris, misalnya:

• Maaf ke sori
• Teman ke prÃÆ' Â © n
• Bersumpah ke suÃÆ'Â © r
• Saudara ke bro
• Suster ke six
• denote face ke btw (bÃÆ'Â © tÃÆ'Â © wÃÆ'Â ©)

o Some words from the LGBT community (especially among transvestites) usually add a nasal-beseed suffix -ong at the end of the base. It is also an effort among the LGBT community to turn the word into a more "French-sounding" sounding more sexy, for example:

• Dendong from grooming (for dressing and/or makeup)
• Gedong (large, extra large, horrible) from the Java language gedhe (large)
• Gretong from free (free)
• Hemong (homosexual) from homo
• Klewong (to be ejaculate/cum) from exit (exit, remove)
• Lekong (male, male, male) from male (male)
• Meong (can mean "want" or sexual activity) - comes from want (desire) and also cat voice, see whining sound during sexual activity.
• Sekong (homosexual) from sick (sick)
• Sepong - (fellatio or blow job) from 'isep' which means "suck".
• pot or strand - (anal intercourse) from 'shoot' (shoot) and 'buttocks' (buttocks or buttocks).

Many slang particles are used at the end of a sentence. Usually, these particles do not directly change the meaning of the sentence, in the sense that the conditions of truth remain the same. However, they can have other effects, such as emphasizing sentences, or showing doubt. They can be used to strengthen social relationships between speakers and listeners.

For example, the sentence He came (he/she came) can be modified by one of the following particles:

• He came nih - used as a call.
• He comes dong - expresses certainty ( He comes definitely ), or sometimes obviously (usually with flirtatious); dong can be suppressed with a long vowel which means He has to come .
• He's coming - - used to convince someone who may doubt his punishment.
• He is coming - expressing a high degree of certainty.
• He's coming you know - can be translated as He's coming, you know .
• He came ah - expressing doubts; can be translated as I think he came .
• He came dooong - expressing doubts; can be translated as i hope he come or Please let him come
• He came with - used to correct what went wrong; can be translated as He came apparently

Particles can also be used to introduce questions. The following example could both be translated as How could he come? :

• Why, He's coming? - used when the speaker finds the sentence hard to believe.
• Why? He came - showing surprise or unbelief.

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Vocabulary evolution

Pre-1980

• Kembul kebo - Lit. means 'water buffalo cohorts' or 'assembled like cattle'. It originated during the Dutch colonial era and was known as koeboel gebouw. Gebouw refers to a building and thus the phrase means living together under one roof (as the umarried couple). Confusion has caused this term to be associated with buffalo (buffalo). The slang term for buffalo is 'kebo'. This term basically means that two persons in a relationship live together without marriage, ie in a domestic/de facto partnership. To Kumpul kebo in Indonesia is considered immoral and sometimes forbidden. For these reasons as well as things related to religion, Asian culture, and general ethics, it is often criticized in modern Indonesian society to do such a thing.

1980s

The 1980s were the era of prokÃÆ'm m . At this time, the slang language vocabulary is formed by entering the -ok- after the first consonant of a word, and deleting the last syllable, creating an entirely new word. "Prokem" itself is the word progem , created by adding -ok- to thugs and deleting the.

For example, the word Bapak is broken into B-ok-ok and the last -ak is removed, and the resulting word is Bokap < i> which, to this day, is used as a slang term for Fathers .

The word School (School) changed to Skokul , but this word slowly became outdated and in the 1990s it was no longer used, and changed to Sekul or just Skul , reminiscent of the English word "school".

Other important words like mÃÆ' © mblÃÆ' © (ugly, sullen), kà © cà © cà © © , (beautiful, handsome) of the words "cool check "(very cool), the attribute of the phrase Nih yÃÆ'ÃÆ' © , and the cryptic Alright! all appear in the same decade.

New Millennium

Most of the slang language created post-2000 comes from the Indonesian LBGT community. The newest method to change a word is to take a different word that has a similar sound. For example, the word want ( want ), replaced with the word roses which originally means roses . Regardless of its creativity and originality, this latest form of Indonesian can be very complicated to understand even for the indigenous Indonesians themselves. For example: Akika ink rose macarena comes from a sentence written in proper Indonesian - I do not want to eat which means "I do not want to eat".

The abbreviations are often used to cover insults, such as kamseupay (completely paralyzed) short for a lone hickback hole (really provincial, rational lame).

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Region-specific slang

slang Jakarta

Jakarta including Botabek is the capital of Indonesia with a population of over 20 million people. As a result, such a large population will undoubtedly have a role in the evolution of Jakarta's slang. Most slang languages ​​evolved from Betawi dialects.

Some examples stand out:

• AjÃÆ' Â © (from 'only') - It's just that, from Betawi dialect
• AyÃÆ' Â © - Me, I am
• Bacot - Talk too much.
• Bang (from 'brother') - Address slang for brother/brother.
• Banget - Very, from the Betawi dialect
• BÃÆ' Â © go (from 'stupid') - Stupid, from Betawi dialect
• How much money? or Servers? - How much money/how much does it cost?
• Bo'il (with glottic stop between o and i ) - Car
• My dad - Dad
• Nyokap - Mother
• Bonyok - Mom and Dad chime, also a hose that means bruises.
• CabÃÆ' Â © - chili (chili)
• Tired - Tired (tired)
• Kebon - Gardens (garden)
• Nyolot - Arrogant, arrogant.
• Doang (from 'only') - which means just that, that's all
• ÃÆ' â € ° why? - Then why?/What is the difference?
• GilÃÆ'Â ©! (from 'crazy') - Exclamations that mean crazy/crazy/obscene, as an emphasis on a sentence or phrase.
• Cave / GuÃÆ' Â © - Me, Me, from the Betawi dialect
• Jayus (from ' ja il, us il') - Not funny or unimpressive.
• Manyun - A person with prominent lips, usually used to describe when someone is upset.
• MÃÆ' Â © cing - From a matching English word match.
• BusÃÆ' Â © t - A form of expression similar to "Oh My God" or "Alas" or "Holy shit!"
• Lu / Lo - you, from the Betawi dialect
• Wanted - Want (wants)
• Invitation - Invitation (invite), usually wedding invitation
• Gan / Agan - Boss, from the Sundanese "skipper"
• Fat or Fat - Fat
• Rags - Crazy or, as another term, flirty
• Crazy - Crazy, crazy.
• Yo'i - Yes, really cool.
• Guga - Also, (also)
• Ngenlay - Kangen, though "miss" is slang for the longing.

The following words are taken from Chinese Hokkien (Fukkien), and are commonly used in transactions.

• Gocap - IDR 50
• Clippings - IDR 100
• Gopek - IDR 500
• Seceng - Rp 1,000
• Cenggo - IDR 1500
• Goceng - IDR 5000
• Celtics - IDR 10,000
• Goban - IDR 50,000

However, many Indonesians of non-Chinese descent do not know the meaning of the above transaction words, possibly with the exception of Goceng because of their use on the KFC Indonesia advertisement on their "Goceng" product, where all "Goceng" menus are sold at Rp 5000. Sometimes the word "silver", literally "silver", is used to describe denominations of small currencies.

Bandung Slang

Bandung is the capital of West Java province with Sundanese-dominated culture. Sundanese language has three levels or forms, namely: high (polite), middle class, and low (not polite). Slang Bandung often uses Sundanese pronouns along with many other Sundanese translations from popular Indonesian.

Some examples:

• Aing (from kuring) - I/I
• Sia - you
• Euy - Sundanese particles at the end of a sentence to express excitement and surprise
• Da - The Sundanese particles at the end of a sentence to express certainty and emphasize meanings, somehow similar to the Japanese "desu".
• O'on (from Blo'on) or Oneng (from the name of slow characters in Bajaj Bajuri sinetron) - stupid, dimly lit
• Maneh - you
• Belegug - stupid

slang language Java

These hoses are shared in Central Java and Yogyakarta where the Java language is mostly spoken. Like Sundanese spoken in Bandung, Java also has 3 different vocabulary sets, based on the level of decency. Ordinary people usually speak with a mixture of low Javanese, Central Javanese, and Indonesians. Some non-Javanese populations add their own dialect to the pot, producing what is called the Central Java language

Jogjakarta

Slang Jogjakarta also known as Basa Walikan , literally means 'Reverse Language' [1].

This is the Javanese language transformation, where the Javanese consonants are diverted from one another, as shown below:

• ha already <-> pa dha ja ya nya
• da ta sa wa la <-> ma ga ba tha nga

With the above rules, the expression of profane swear Your eyes! (which literally means 'Your Eyes!') Be Dagadu! . The following website automatically performs this transformation: Translator Walikan

Malang

Malang slang is an inverted alphabetical word (mostly from Java and a bit of Indonesian). The way is read from the end of the word. Example: Ongis Nade comes from Singo Edan (Arema Cronus FC nickname), â € Å"Helumâ € comes from â € Å"Mulehâ € (Returns in Javanese), and some place names such as "Sawojajar" being "Rajajowas".

Surabaya

As the second largest city in Indonesia and the capital of East Java, Surabaya uses a more rough Java dialect and has a fairly complete list of slang. The Javanese language came from the Central Javanese agricultural land and at that time reached the coastal area of ​​East Java, it changed from its original polite form to a more polite version with the creation or further adaptation of many new words and words of the 'Javanese-style'.

Medan Slang

Medan is the capital of North Sumatra Province. Most of the slang languages ​​of Medan are strongly influenced by Malay, Hokkien and Karo. For example, "father" for "father", "nande" for "mother", "kedÃÆ' Â ©" for "shop", "close the light" to "turn off the light", "open radio" to "turn on the radio". Another example of the Medan slang is to add "have" at the end of the sentence. For example, "car I have" for "my car". They also have a tendency to confuse between e and ÃÆ'Â ©.

Jambi & amp; Palembang Slang

Slang Jambi and Palembang mostly involves changing the letter at the end of the word with the letter 'o'. However, not all words can be modified to include the 'o' characteristic, since this rule applies primarily to words ending in 'a'. Sometimes Palembang uses a shorter version of the word by deleting the first syllable, like 'everything' in standard Malay-Indonesian to 'galo'.

• Kito - us (us)
• Galo - all (all, every)
• Ngapo - why (why or what happened)
• Jugo - Also (also)

Another characteristic pattern of slang Jambi and Palembang involves the addition or replacement of the last letter of a word with 'k'.

• Can not - red (also, too, too)
• Aek - air (water)

Other classical Malay Malay dialects also apply in most cities of Sumatra, from Palembang to Bengkulu, Jambi and Pekanbaru. Classical Malay words like nian are used in the cities of Sumatra, not very very or really (very).

• Nian - nian (classical Malay) - very (standard Indonesian language) - really (Indonesian slang)

Pontianak Slang

The Pontianak slang is influenced by Malay, Teochew and Dayak and sometimes combined with Hakka. It is spoken in Malay dialect. This slang variety is spoken throughout West Kalimantan.

Makassar language slang

The Makassar slang is heavily influenced by the native dialects of Makassar and sometimes combined with Chinese accents. The slang language, in the end, sounds more informal and 'rough', like going with the hard image of the people of Makassar. The possessive word for you ( you ) has three degrees of decency: -ta (very formal and respectful) > -mu (neutral), and -nu (informal). As an example:

• This book belongs to you -> This book has -ta This book has you just spoken with very close friends.

Meanwhile, the word for you itself is split into two, formal ki and informal ko .

• 'Where interact (Where you are now) as opposed to the informal' Where moko . The -ma and -mo are derived from the -mi that are often added to the end of the word, having many meanings. It is difficult to determine when to use mi or not, except to study it with the heart.

This mi ? - & gt; 'This one?' Leave mi - & gt; 'Leave it alone' Ko has learned mi ? - & gt; 'Have you learned?'. Ko comes from the informal Indonesian word You , which means 'you'. Has it started mi it replicates? - & gt; 'Has the exam started?', Literally, 'It has been started-the exam?'

Ji is also often used at the end of the word. Most often, it means 'only', or used to give a more convincing tone for a sentence.

• A little ji - & gt; 'Just a little'
• It's okay ji - & gt; 'It's okay'
• It's not hard ji because - & gt; 'The problem is not difficult.'

In works more like a question tag, read with the glotting stop at the end, which makes it 'dik'

• Not hard ji at ?? - & gt; Not hard?

In addition, the people of Makassar speak more often with a heavier accent, mixing many Indonesian words with the original words of Makassar.

• Tena ku isseng'i what does it mean (or even more complicated Tena ku isseng'i what massu'na ) - & gt; Literally, "I do not understand what it means" actually means, "I do not understand what that means". In places, Makassar's grave adds -i at the end of a word, putting a glottal stop before it. Furthermore, the words tend to be shortened, which makes them read as -na and words ending in -d or - t ends with a glottal stop. Shrink (shrink) to poke , and vice versa. The native Makassarese usually read the becak as a becak .

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See also

• Family and language languages ​​
• Indonesian Demography
• Alay

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References

• Harimurti Kridalaksana (2008). Linguistic Dictionary (4 ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN: 978-979-22-3570-8.

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External links

• (in Indonesian) Indonesian Dictionary Slang with user-contributed definitions
• SEASite Guide for Indonesian pronunciation
• (In Indonesian) Language: Language prokem
• (in English) Book of Gaul - Dictionary of Indonesian slang, search and find the latest slang words
• The Indonesian Tutorial by Fairy
• (In Indonesian) Teenage Language in Adolescent Literature
• Slang Particle in Bahasa Indonesia

Source of the article : Wikipedia