Communication in Indonesia has a complicated history because of the need to reach an expanded archipelago on more than 17,500 islands. Non-electronic communication methods that were once important in the past have provided a considerable telecommunication infrastructure in contemporary Indonesia.
Video Communications in Indonesia
Histori
Indonesia has long used traditional forms of communication massacred between various islands and villages. Only in the sixteenth century when the Dutch colonized Indonesia, building a more complicated communication system, both in Indonesia and in other countries. The first connection to Australia was a submarine telegraph cable that was completed on 18 November 1871, connecting Java to Darwin, and finally to the Australian Overland Telegraph Line across Australia.
After gaining Independence, Indonesia began to develop its own communication system, generally following the rest of the world. The construction of communications towers and the launch of Palapa communication satellites series was conducted during the New Order period.
Maps Communications in Indonesia
Infrastructure
A number of links connect Indonesia with international communication routes. For example, the SEA-ME-WE 3 optical submarine telecommunications cable landed in Medan and Jakarta connecting Europe with Southeast Asia (some countries to Japan) and Australia (Perth).
Domestically, Indonesia has good coverage for media in most large islands, although smaller and less populated islands do not always get the attention of media companies, and rely on satellite communications.
Media
Indonesia has a long list of print media, in the form of newspapers and magazines. Some, such as Kompas and Koran Tempo are circulated every day and are relatively easy to obtain. Others are island-or city-specific, and are not usually distributed to other areas.
Phone
- Phone - main line used: 9.99 million (2004)
- Mobile phones: By the end of 2010, mobile cellular penetration rate was 67 percent (22 percent by the end of 2006). Decreased CDMA usage supports GSM.
- Telephone system: fair domestic service, good international service
- domestic: microwave interisland system and HF radio radio network; domestic satellite communications system
- international: earth satellite station - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Radio
- Radio broadcasting stations: AM 678, FM 43, short wave 82 (1998)
- Radio: 31.5 million (1997)
Television
- Television broadcasting stations: 11 national TV, 60 local TV (From AC Nielsen Report - first semester 2005):
- Television: 13.75 million (1997)
Internet
- Internet Service Provider (ISP): 24 (1999)
- Country code (Top level domain):.id
In June 2011, all districts in Indonesia will be connected to the Internet.
Regulatory environment in Indonesia
Media in Indonesia is regulated by the Ministry of Communications and Informatics.
The LIRNEasia Regulatory Telecommunications Environment Index (TRE), which summarizes stakeholder perceptions on specific TRE dimensions, provides insight into how environmentally conducive to development and further progress. The latest survey was conducted in July 2008 in eight Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines. This tool measures seven dimensions: i) market entry; ii) access to scarce resources; iii) interconnection; iv) tariff setting; v) anti-competitive practices; and vi) universal service; vii) service quality, for fixed, mobile and broadband sectors.
The below-average scores received in all sectors and across dimensions reflect TRE's general dissatisfaction in Indonesia. However, this does not mean that the respondent has ignored the latest developments. The relatively healthy growth in the mobile sector is reflected in the higher TRE scores received by the sector for most dimensions, when compared to the fixed sector. On average, the best mobile sector scores, with the following fixed and broadband.
References
See also
- National Press Monument
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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