Tourism in Indonesia is an important component of Indonesia's economy as well as its significant source of foreign exchange earnings. The vast country of the archipelago has many things to offer, ranging from natural beauty, historical relics to cultural diversity. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the direct contribution from travel and tourism to Indonesia's GDP in 2014 is Rp 325,467 billion (US $ 26,162 million) which accounts for 3.2% of GDP. By 2019, the Indonesian government wants to double this figure to 8 percent of GDP and the number of visitors has to double to around 20 million. The tourism sector is ranked the 4th largest among the export sector of goods and services.
During the year 2016 about 12.02 million foreign tourists visit Indonesia, which is 15.5% higher than in 2015. By 2015, 9.73 million international visitors enter Indonesia, staying at the hotel an average of 7.5 nights and spend an average of US $ 1,142 per person during their visit, or US $ 152.22 per person per day. Singapore, Malaysia, China, Australia and Japan are the five main sources of visitors to Indonesia.
The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report ranked Indonesia 42nd out of 136 countries as a whole with a score of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of 4.2. The 2015 report ranked the competitiveness of Indonesia's tourism sector prices 3 out of 141 countries. It states that Indonesia has a fairly good travel and tourism policy and allows conditions (rank 9). The country also scored well on natural resources and culture (ranked 17th). However, the country has a low infrastructure sub-index score (75th rank), as some aspects of the tourist service infrastructure are still underdeveloped.
In 2016, the government reportedly invested more in tourism development by attracting more foreign investors. The Government has given priority to the following 10 objectives: Borobudur, Central Java; Mandalika, West Nusa Tenggara; Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara; Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, East Java; Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta; Toba, North Sumatra; Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi; Tanjung Lesung, Banten; Morotai, North Maluku; and Tanjung Kelayang, Belitung. As quoted in The Jakarta Post, the government is aiming for 275 million trips by domestic tourists by the end of 2019. The government has also secured commitments from potential investors, totaling US $ 70 million in building accommodation. , marina and ecotourism facilities in 3 of 10 areas.
Video Tourism in Indonesia
Overview
Both nature and culture are the main components of Indonesian tourism. The natural heritage can boast a unique combination of tropical climates, vast archipelago of 17,508 islands, 6,000 of which are inhabited, the second longest coastline in the world (54,716 km) after Canada. It is the largest and densest country in the world located only on the islands. Beaches in Bali, dive sites in Bunaken, Mount Bromo in East Java, Lake Toba and various national parks in Sumatra are just a few examples of popular tourist destinations. This natural tourist attraction is complemented by a rich cultural heritage that reflects the dynamic history and ethnic diversity of Indonesia. One fact that exemplifies this wealth is 719 languages ​​spoken throughout the archipelago. Ancient Prambanan and Borobudur temples, Toraja, Yogyakarta, Minangkabau, and of course Bali, with many Hindu festivals, are some of the most popular destinations for cultural tourism.
Tourism in Indonesia is currently overseen by the Ministry of Tourism of Indonesia. International tourism campaigns have focused heavily on tropical destinations with white sand beaches, blue skies and cultural attractions. Beach resorts and hotels have been developed in several popular tourist destinations, especially the island of Bali as the main destination. At the same time, the integration of cultural affairs and tourism under the same ministry sphere suggests that cultural tourism is considered an integral part of Indonesia's tourism industry, and vice versa, that tourism is used to promote and preserve cultural heritage.
Some of the challenges facing the Indonesian tourism industry include the development of infrastructure to support tourism throughout the vast archipelago, industrial invasion into local customs, and the impact of tourism development on the lives of local communities. The tourism industry in Indonesia is also facing a setback due to security-related issues. Since 2002, warnings have been issued by some countries on terrorist threats and ethnic and religious conflicts in some areas, significantly reducing the number of foreign visitors over the past few years. However, the number of international tourists has bounced back positively since 2007, and reached a new record in 2008 and has continued to rise since then.
In 2017, based on the World Economic Forum survey, Indonesia got the value of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index of 4.2, 42nd rank (up from 50 in 2015, 70 in 2013, 74 in 2011 and 81 in 2009) from 136 countries. Aspects that need to be improved to move up the rankings are; tourism and ICT infrastructure, health and hygiene, environmental sustainability, and interest for travel and tourism.
Maps Tourism in Indonesia
Branding
At the end of January 2011 Culture and Tourism Minister Jero Wacik announced that "Wonderful Indonesia" will replace the previous "Visit Indonesia Year" branding used by the country's official tourism promotion campaign, despite the stylish curve logo Garuda remains. The Minister announced that in 2010, foreign tourists visiting Indonesia touched 7 million and made a prediction of 7.7 million in 2011. He is reportedly describing a new branding that reflects "the country's beautiful nature, unique culture, varied, friendly people and price competitiveness. "We expect every tourist will spend around US $ 1,100 and with an optimistic target of 7.7 million arrivals we will get $ 8.3 billion." The Minister of Culture and Tourism added that 50 percent of revenues will be generated from about 600 meetings, conventions and exhibitions that are expected to take place in various places across the country in 2011. He further added in the January 2011 announcement that his ministry will promote the state attractions under the banner of eco-culture.
Statistics
Tourist arrivals in Indonesia by citizenship (2000-2016)
Source: Statistics Indonesia
The ten most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia recorded by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) are Bali, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Jakarta, North Sumatra, Lampung, South Sulawesi, South Sumatra, Banten and West Sumatra (which will make it 11 the province today because Banten had previously been part of West Java).
Like most countries, domestic tourists are by far the largest market segment. The largest movement of domestic tourists is during the annual Idul Fitri, known as Lebaran . During this period, which is a two-week holiday after the fasting month during Ramadan, many Indonesians living in the city visit relatives in their hometown. Intercity traffic is at its peak and is often charged extra during this time.
Over the five years to 2006, attention has been focused on generating more domestic tourism. Competition among budget airlines has increased the number of domestic air travelers across the country. Recently, the Ministry of Labor made a long weekend law by combining public holidays that fell near the weekend, except in the case of an important religious holiday. During this long weekend, most hotels in popular destinations are fully booked.
Since 2000, on average, there are five million foreign tourists each year (see table), which spends on average US $ 100 per day. With an average visit duration of 9-12 days, Indonesia gets revenues of US $ 4.6 billion each year. This makes tourism the third most important source of non-oil revenues in Indonesia, after timber and textile products.
After the overthrow of Japan two years ago, China as the world's largest tourism producer now toppled Australia to number three with an increase of 30.42 percent year-on-year (yoy), while the total foreign tourist growth of 10.6 percent yoy was set to more than 2, 9 million. The top countries of origin of the 2014 Q1 data are from the Asia-Pacific region, with Singapore (15.7 percent), Malaysia (14.0), China (11.0), Australia and Japan among the top countries. The United Kingdom, France, and Germany are the largest source of European visitors. Although Dutch visitors are at least partially interested in exploring historical relationships, many European visitors seek tropical weather on the beaches of Bali.
Approximately 59% of all visitors travel to Indonesia for vacation, while 38% for business purposes.
In 2012, according to World Travel & amp; Travel and tourism The Tourism Board contributes a total of 8.9% of GDP and supports 8% of total employment in Indonesia.
Historical context
Indonesia seems to have been a tourist destination for centuries. Several panels in the reliefs of Borobudur depict drinks sellers, stalls, or taverns or lodging where people drink and dance. Historical records of travel in Indonesia can be found since the 14th century. The Nagarakretagama reports on King Hayam Wuruk's kingdom's journey throughout the Majapahit region of East Java with a large number of carriages, accompanied by nobles, royals, officials and aides. Although it appears to be a magnificent affair, for some examples the king's journey somewhat resembles a modern day tour, when the king visits a number of interesting places; from temples like Palah and Jajawa, to enjoy the mountain scenery, bathing in the petirtaan (bathing pool) and the beach. Bujangga Manik 15th century speech, a Hindu priest from Pakuan Pajajaran, reported on his journey to Java and Bali. Although the journey is a pilgrimage; visiting temples and holy places in Java and Bali, sometimes he behaves like a modern tourist, like sitting around fanning his body while enjoying the beautiful mountain scenery in the Peak area, looking at the mountain Gede he describes as the highest point in around Pakuan Pajajaran (the capital of Sunda Kingdom).
Initially the tourism sector, services and hotels in the Dutch East Indies were developed to meet the needs of the inn, entertainment and recreation of domestic visitors, especially the owners and traders of the rich Dutch plantations during their stay in the city. In the 19th century, the colonial heritage hotel furnished with dance halls, live music and fine dining restaurants were established in the urban areas of the Dutch East Indies, such as the Hotel des Indes (est. 1829) in Batavia (now Jakarta), Savoy Homann Hotel (est. 1871 ) in Bandung, Hotel Oranje (est. 1910) in Surabaya, and Hotel De Boer in Medan. Since the 19th century the Dutch East Indies has attracted visitors from the Netherlands. The first national tourism bureau was Vereeeging Toeristen Verkeer , established by the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at the beginning of the 20th century, and shared their headquarters in Batavia with Koninklijke Nederlansch Indische Luchtfahrt Maatschapijj (part of KLM) that flew from Amsterdam to Batavia in 1929. In 1913, Vereeneging Touristen Verkeer wrote a guidebook on tourist spots in the Indies. Since then Bali has become famous for international tourists with foreign tourist arrivals up more than 100% in 1927. Most of the international tourism of the 1920s and 1930s was by international visitors on ocean liner cruises. The 1930s did see a modest but significant influx of mainly European tourists and long term stayers to Bali. Many come to the blossoming arts in Ubud area, which is a two-way exchange between the Balinese and the outsider because it is an internal phenomenon.
Tourism more or less disappeared during World War II, the Indonesian National Revolution and in the early years of the Soekarno era. On July 1, 1947, the government of the Republic of Indonesia tried to revive the tourism sector in Indonesia by establishing HONET (Hotel & National Tourism) led by R. Tjitpo Ruslan. This new national tourism authority took over many colonial heritage hotels in Java and renamed it all "Hotel Merdeka". After the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference in 1949, this tourism authority changed its name to NV HORNET. In 1952, the President established an Interdepartmental Committee for Tourism Affairs responsible for rebuilding Indonesia as a world tourism destination. National pride and identity in the late 1950s and early 1960s was incorporated into Soekarno's monumentalism in Jakarta - and this included the development of international standard hotels and coastal resorts, such as the Hotel Indonesia in Jakarta (est 1962), Ambarrukmo Hotel in Yogyakarta (est 1965), Samudra Beach Hotel on the beach of Pelabuhan Ratu West Java (approx. 1966), and Inna Grand Bali Beach Hotel in Bali (approx. 1966). Political and economic instability in the mid-1960s witnessed a further decline in tourism. Bali, and in particular the small village of Kuta, in the 1960s, was an important haven for land hippies between Australia and Europe, and untouchable "secret" surf spots.
In the early to mid-1970s, high standard hotels and tourist facilities began popping up in Jakarta and Bali. After the completion of the Borobudur restoration project in 1982, Yogyakarta became a popular tourist destination in Indonesia after Bali, mostly attracted to this 8th century Buddhist monument, encircling the ancient Javanese temple and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta palace. From this period until the end of the Suharto era, the government's policy of the tourism industry included a series of regulations and developments to encourage an increase in the number of international tourists to visit Indonesia and stay longer.
Nature tour
Indonesia has well-preserved natural ecosystems, with rain forests spanning 57% of Indonesia's land (225 million hectares), about 2% of which is the mangrove system. One of the reasons why the natural ecosystem in Indonesia is still well preserved is because only 6,000 islands of 17,000 are permanently inhabited. Forests in Sumatra and Java are examples of popular tourist destinations. In addition, Indonesia has one of the longest coastlines in the world, measuring 54,716 kilometers (33,999 mi), with a number of beaches and island resorts, such as in southern Bali, Lombok, Bintan and Nias islands. However, most well-preserved beaches are located in more isolated and less developed areas, such as Karimunjawa, Togian Islands, and Banda Islands.
Diving site
With over 17,508 islands, Indonesia presents many diving opportunities. With 20% of the world's coral reefs, over 3,000 different species of fish and 600 species of coral, deep water trenches, marine volcanoes, World War II wrecks, and endless macro life, scuba diving in Indonesia is excellent and not expensive. Bunaken National Marine Park, at the northern tip of Sulawesi, claims to have seven times more coral genera than Hawaii, and has more than 70% of all known fish species in the Indo-Western Pacific. According to Conservation International, marine surveys show that marine biodiversity in the Raja Ampat region is the highest recorded on Earth. In addition, there are more than 3,500 species living in Indonesian waters, including sharks, dolphins, manta rays, turtles, moray, squid, octopus and scorpionfish, compared to 1,500 on the Great Barrier Reef and 600 in the Red Sea. Tulamben Bay in Bali boasts the wreck of a US navy ship carrying 120 meters (390 feet), Liberty . Other popular diving sites in Bali are in Candidasa and Menjangan. Across the Strait of Badung from Bali, there are several popular dive sites in Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Penida. Three Gili Lombok (Gili Air, Gili Meno and Gili Trawangan) are popular like Bangka. Saronde Island is a very popular place also in Gorontalo Sulawesi. Some of Indonesia's most famous dive sites are also the hardest to reach, with places like Biak off the coast of Papua and the Alor Islands among the more popular, more remote, divers destinations.
Surf Break
Surfing is also a popular water activity in Indonesia and its websites are recognized as world class. The most famous sport is located on the south side, Indian Ocean in Indonesia, for example, large ocean waves burst in the south of Java. However, the north coast does not receive the same waves from the Java Sea. Surf breaks can be found along Sumatra, to Nusa Tenggara, including Aceh, Bali, Banten, Java, Lombok, Mentawai Islands and Sumbawa. Although Indonesia has many world class surfing spots, the majority of surfers come from abroad, especially Australia and the United States. However, the enthusiasm for local surfing started in Bali and the Port of Ratu Barat and Pangandaran beach, with most of the surfers arriving from nearby towns in Jakarta and Bandung. In Bali, there are about 33 surfing spots, from West Bali to East Bali including four on the offshore island of Nusa Lembongan. In Sumbawa, Hu'u and Lakey Beach in Cempi Bay is a popular surfing spot among surfing enthusiasts. Sumatra is the second island, with the largest number of surf spots, with 18 altogether. The season for surfing is about May to September with trade winds blowing from east to southeast. From October to April, winds tend to come from west to northwest, so the east coast breaks get offshore wind.
Two famous surfing surfing in Indonesia are G-Land in Grajagan Bay, East Java, and Lagundri Bay at the southern tip of Nias island. G-Land was first identified in 1972, when a surfer saw a pause from the plane's window. Because waves as high as 6 to 8 feet (Hawaii scale) were discovered by surfers in Lagundri Bay in 1975, the island became famous for surfing around the world.
National park
The Bogor Botanical Garden, founded in 1817, and the Cibodas Botanical Garden, founded in 1862, are two of Asia's oldest botanical gardens. With a rich collection of tropical plants, these gardens are a botanical research center and a tourist attraction since colonial times.
There are 50 national parks in Indonesia, six of them listed as World Heritage. The largest national park in Sumatra is Gunung Leuser National Park covering 9,500 square kilometers (3,700 m²), Kerinci Seblat National Park covering 13,750 square kilometers and 3,568 square kilometers (1,378 kilometers). sqÃ, mi) Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, all three are recognized as Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra in UNESCO World Heritage list. Other national parks included in the list are Lorentz National Park in Papua, Komodo National Park in the Lesser Sunda Islands, and Ujung Kulon National Park in western Java.
To be noticed, different national parks offer different biodiversity, as the natural habitat in Indonesia is divided into two areas by the Wallace line. Differences in biogeography Wallacea means the western part of Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan) has the same characteristics of flora and fauna as the Asian continent, while the remaining eastern part of Indonesia has a resemblance to the Australian continent.
Many native species such as Sumatran elephants, Sumatran tigers, Sumatran rhino, Javan rhinoceros and orangutans are listed as endangered or critically endangered, and the remaining populations are found in national parks and other conservation areas. Sumatran orangutans can be visited in the Bukit Lawang conservation area, while the Bornean orangutans can be visited in Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan. The largest flower in the world, rafflesia arnoldi, and the highest flower, titan arum, can be found in Sumatra.
The eastern side of the Wallacea line offers the most extraordinary, rarest, and exotic animals on earth. Bird-of-Paradise, known as paradise , is a feathered bird that can be found among other fauna in Papua New Guinea. The largest bird in Papua is a cassowary that can not fly. One species of lizard, Komodo dragons can be easily found in Komodo, located in the smaller islands of Nusa Tenggara. In addition to the island of Komodo, this endangered species can also be found on the islands of Rinca, Padar and Flores.
Volcano
Hiking and camping in the mountains are popular adventure activities. Some mountains contain river ridge, offering rafting activities. Although volcanic mountains can be dangerous, they have become a major tourist destination. Some tourists have been killed on the slopes of Mount Rinjani, Indonesia's second highest volcano and a popular destination for climbers visiting Lombok in eastern Indonesia. The popular active volcano is Mount Bromo as high as 2,329 meters (7,641 feet) in East Java province with beautiful volcanic scenery around the crater, an upturned boat in the form of Tangkuban Perahu and Kawah Putih volcano crater, north and south of Bandung respectively and both with a drive-in access to the crater, the most active volcano in Java, Mount Merapi near Yogyakarta, and the legendary Krakatoa with its new caldera known as krakatau (Anak Krakatau). Gede Pangrango volcano in West Java is also a popular hiking destination, especially among domestic climbers.
In Sumbawa, Mount Tambora with a history of large volcanic eruptions back in 1815 that produced large caldera has also gained attention among pedestrians. On the neighboring island of Flores, the crater lake of three colored volcanoes of Kelimutu is also hailed as one of Indonesia's natural wonders and has attracted visitors around the world. Puncak Jaya in Lorentz National Park, Indonesia's tallest mountain and one of the few mountains with equatorial ice caps (tropical) offers the opportunity of rock climbing. In Sumatra, there are remnants of a super volcanic eruption that has created the landscape of Lake Toba close to Medan in North Sumatra.
Cultural tour
Indonesia consists of 300 ethnic groups, spread over an area of ​​1.8 million km 2 of 6,000 uninhabited islands. This creates cultural diversity, further compounded by the colonialist influence of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Europe. In Bali, where most Hindus live in Indonesia, cultural and religious festivals with Balinese dance-performances at Balinese temples are a major attraction for foreign tourists.
Despite foreign influences, indigenous traditional cultures are still visible in Indonesia. The indigenous Toraja ethnic group in South Sulawesi, still has a strong tradition that descends from animist beliefs although most Torajans are Christian knows. One of Toraja's most famous traditions is their funeral, Rambu Solo. The Minangkabau ethnic group maintains a unique matrilineal culture, though devout Muslims. Other indigenous ethnic groups include Asmat and Dani in Papua, Dayaks in Kalimantan and Mentawai in Sumatra, where traditional rituals are still observed.
Cultural tourism also plays an important role in Yogyakarta, a special province in Indonesia known as the center of classical Javanese art and culture. The rise and fall of the Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic kingdoms of Central Java has transformed Yogyakarta into a melting pot of Indonesian culture.
Most major cities in Indonesia have state-owned museums, although most are in a modest look. The most comprehensive and comprehensive museum featuring Indonesian culture and history that stretches from prehistoric to colonial times is the Indonesian National Museum located in Jakarta.
For Indonesian and foreign visitors who can not visit all provinces of Indonesia, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah in East Jakarta provides a comprehensive Indonesian cultural microcosm. Established in 1975 by Tien Suharto, the park features a museum, a separate pavilion with an impressive collection of Indonesian architecture, clothing, dance and traditions.
Ancient Hindu and Buddhist Temple
From the 4th century to the 15th century, Hinduism and Buddhism form the culture of Indonesia. The kingdom goes up and down, such as the Kingdom of Medang, Sriwijaya, Kediri, Singhasari and Majapahit. Throughout the classic history of the Hindu-Buddhist era, they produced some temples and monuments called temples . The best preserved Buddhist temple, built during the Sailendra dynasty in the 8th century, is the Borobudur temple in Central Java. A giant mandala stone stepped on a pyramid decorated with a bell-shaped stupa, richly decorated with relief that tells the story and teachings of the Buddha.
A few kilometers to the southeast is the Prambanan complex, the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia built during the second Mataram dynasty. Prambanan Temple is dedicated to Trimurti; Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma, the three supreme deities in Hinduism. Both Borobudur and Prambanan temples have been listed in the UNESCO World Heritage list since 1991. Both temples are the largest and most popular, easily accessible from Yogyakarta, the heart of Javanese culture. The Ramayana Javanese Dance is performed regularly on stage near Prambanan Temple, giving visitors a glimpse of classical Javanese culture.
In and around Yogyakarta, ancient Javanese archeology and temple enthusiasts may still find many ancient temples, accessible by car or motorbike. Although not as pretentious and popular as Borobudur and Prambanan, these small temples provide a glimpse of ancient cultures and intricate details of ancient Java temple architecture. Mendut and Pawon temples are located on the Kedu Plain near Borobudur, while Ratu Boko, Sewu, Lumbung, Plaosan, Kalasan, and Sari are located in the Prambanan Plain near Prambanan temple.
The temples in East Java originated from the Singhasari and Majapahit era; mostly located in the archaeological site Trowulan, and also spread around Blitar and Malang. Although not as grand and popular as temples in Central Java, East Java temple is also an attractive destination for temples and fans of ancient history of Indonesia. East Java temple like Wringin Lawang, Brahu, Bajang Ratu, and Rat Temple at Trowulan archeological site. Jawi Temple near Pandaan, south of Surabaya, Penataran Temple in Blitar, Kidal temple and Singasari Temple near Malang.
Most Indonesian archaeological sites are equipped with museums; such as the Samudra Raksa Museum and Karmawibhangga Museum in Borobudur, Prambanan museum at Prambanan temple complex, and Trowulan Museum located in the former capital of Majapahit archaeological site Trowulan. Some archaeological discoveries are also featured in city museums, such as the Sonobudoyo Museum in Yogyakarta and Radyapustaka Museum in Surakarta, and of course the Indonesian National Museum in Jakarta.
Sumatra is also home to several ancient Buddhist temples mostly associated with the Sriwijaya kingdom, such as Muaro Jambi in Jambi Province, Muara Takus in Riau and Biaro Bahal in North Sumatra. However, the Sumatra temples are not as elaborative and equally spectacular as their counterparts in Java, and then less popular. The location is rural, quite far from the big cities, so renting a car to visit these sites is recommended because public transport to the location is scarce.
Warisan Islam
Islam also contributes greatly to the cultural community in Indonesia. In 2006, 88% of Indonesians were Muslim. The Islamic culture stands out in Sumatra, and some of the remaining imperial palaces can be seen in Medan and Tanjung Pinang.
Islamic heritage tours are also popular, especially among Muslim and Muslim Indonesians from neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who share the Islamic heritage of Southeast Asia. This activity is usually associated with Islamic ziyarat ziyarat to Islamic historical sites, such as historic mosques and tombs of respected Islamic figures. However, for visitors on Islamic sites, both local and foreign, Muslim or non-Muslim, codes of conduct and politeness are applied, such as removing footwear upon entering the mosque or tomb, entered the site wearing shorts (sarongs usually lent near the entrance to cover the lower body of visitors).
In Aceh the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman and the tomb of the kings of the Sultanate of Aceh is a popular destination, while in Medan the Great Mosque of Medan and the Maimun Palace is also the main objective of Islamic heritage. Most of the major cities in Indonesia have their own history or monumental (Great Mosque) which became the city landmarks as well as tourist attractions. Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta, Indonesia's largest and largest national mosque in Southeast Asia is Jakarta's major landmark and tourist attraction. In Java ziyarat ziyarat is usually associated with important historical Islamic figures of Wali Sanga (Nine Saints), they are important because of their historical role in the Spread of Islam in Indonesia. Their graves and mosques are scattered along the northern coastal cities of Java, such as Demak, Kudus, Cirebon, Gresik, and Ampel in Surabaya. The grand mosque of Demak in the fifteenth century was hailed as the first mosque founded in Java. The Kudus Tower Mosque is famous for incorporating the Hindu-Javanese architecture of Majapahit. The tomb of Sunan Gunungjati near Cirebon, is also an important ziyarat site in West Java.
Tourism relics may also be focused on the era of the kingdom of Java from the 17th century until the 19th century from the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, Surakarta Sunanate and Mangkunegaran.
Colonial Legacy
Cultural Heritage tourism is focused on a special interest in Indonesian history, such as the colonial architectural relic from the Dutch East Indies in Indonesia. Tourism colonial relics mostly attract visitors from the Netherlands who share the historical relationship with Indonesia, as well as fans of Indonesian or foreign colonial history.
Activities include visiting museums, churches, forts and historic colonial buildings, as well as spending a few nights in a colonial relic hotel. Popular historical heritage attractions are Kota - downtown Jakarta, with its Maritime Museum, Intan City Bridge bridge, Zion Church, Wayang Museum, Stadhuis Batavia, Museum of Art and Ceramics, Red Stores, Bank Indonesia Museum, Bank Mandiri Museum, Jakarta Kota Station , and Glodok (Jakarta Chinatown). In the old port of Sunda Kelapa in Jakarta and Paotere in Makassar, the high-pitched pinisi ships are still sailing. The Jakarta cathedral with neo-gothic architecture in Central Jakarta also attracts architectural enthusiasts.
Bandung's historical roads around Asia Afrika and Jalan Braga showcase the rich collection of Dutch East Indies and Art deco architecture from the early 20th century. Some hotels like Savoy Homann in Bandung and Hotel Majapahit in Surabaya are a colonial relic hotel suitable for those interested in the colonial history of the Dutch East Indies. VOC fortress can be found in Yogyakarta, Makassar, Bengkulu and Ambon. Colonial buildings can also be found in old towns in Indonesian cities, such as Semarang, Surabaya, Malang, Medan, and Sawahlunto.
City and recreation tours
Leisure activities and urban excursions include shopping, sightseeing in the big cities, or enjoying modern amusement parks, nightlife and entertainment. To some extent, urban tourism may also involve cultural tourism and urban heritage, such as visits to city museums or parts of the old colonial city.
Shopping
The capital city of Jakarta offers many places to shop. Mal Kelapa Gading, the largest with 130 square kilometers (50 m²), Plaza Senayan, Senayan City, Grand Indonesia, EX and Plaza Indonesia are some shopping centers in the city. In addition to high-end shopping centers with branded products, Indonesia is also a popular destination for handicraft shopping in the region. Certain traditional Indonesian handicrafts such as batik, songket, ikat, embroidery, wooden sculpture and fashion products are popular souvenirs for visitors. Indonesian textile and fashion products are known for their good grades; good quality with relatively cheap and reasonable price. Bandung is a popular shopping destination for fashion products among Malaysians and Singaporeans. Bali has many shopping centers, for example, Kuta shopping center and Galeria Nusa Dua.
Amusement and theme park
Ancol Dream Park with Fantasy World theme park and Atlantis Water Adventure is Jakarta's answer to Disneyland theme park and theme park. Several similar theme parks are also developed in other cities, such as Trans Studio Makassar and Trans Studio Bandung.
Fitness and Spa
In the last decade, health tourism is very popular in Java and Bali. Traditionally Indonesians - especially in Java and Bali - have developed their own traditional health care for health, beauty and wellness purposes. Traditional treatments include Javanese herbal medicine, as well as Javanese and Balinese massage. Spas, fitness centers and yoga classes have opened their business in major cities in Indonesia, especially in Bali, Yogyakarta, Jakarta and Bandung. The Ministry of Tourism of Indonesia has been promoting Indonesia as a spa and health destination through various exhibitions.
Golf
Other popular travel activities are golfing, favorite sports among Indonesians and upscale foreigners. Several famous golf courses in Jakarta are Cengkareng Golf Club, located in the airport complex, and Pondok Indah Golf and Country Club.
Nightlife
Indonesian nightlife is also popular among foreigners, especially in big cities like Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Manado, Denpasar and Medan.
Gastronomic Tourism
Indonesia has a rich and diverse culinary tradition, and can be considered one of the richest and finest in the world; such as rendang recently selected as the number one dish from CNN International's World's List of Fifty Foods. Many regional dishes exist, often based on indigenous culture and foreign influences. Indonesian cuisine varies widely by region and has many different influences. From delicious coconut milk and rich Minangkabau cuisine curry to Oceania seafood dishes from Papua and Ambon. Starting a journey through Indonesian cuisine is as interesting as enjoying Indonesia's cultural diversity, as some dishes may have many different recipe variations throughout the archipelago. Some popular Indonesian dishes such as fried rice, sate and soto are everywhere in the country and have many regional variations. This dish is considered a national dish of Indonesia.
Meal companies in Indonesia are available from simple roadside cart vendors, to sumptuous luxury restaurants. Most malls and shopping centers in major cities in Indonesia typically have one full floor dedicated as a food court, where people can taste a variety of Indonesian dishes, and some cities in Indonesia have their own distinctive food. Like Mie Aceh, rendang Padang, pempek Palembang, soto betawi and gado-gado in Jakarta, siomay and batagor Bandung, gudeg Yogyakarta, tongsoeng Solo, lumpia in Semarang, rawon Surabaya, sate Madura, mixed Balinese rice and pork roll, konro Makassar, Manado tinutuan, for Indonesian Chinese fried noodle. Some exhibitions, exhibitions and events often also incorporate the dining experience. Like Jakarta Fair which offers local delicacies as well as food products from various corners of Indonesia, or Jakarta Fashion & amp; Food Festival (JFFF) featuring food and fashion.
Sex tourism
International sex tourism and child sex tourism remain a problem, especially on the islands of Batam and Karimun and in major urban centers and tourist destinations across the country, including Bali and Riau Islands. In Indonesia, prostitution is illegal and is interpreted as "a crime against morality and morality". In practice, however, prostitution is widespread, tolerable, and somewhat regulated, mostly illegally or underground in discotheques, massage parlors, and karaoke rooms, and is also seen in certain streets. An estimated 40,000 to 70,000 Indonesian children are exploited in domestic prostitution. Prostitution is done by both sexes, with Bali famous for 'Kuta Cowboys', a local gigolo that targets foreign female tourists.
International tourist arrivals
International Airport
Each of the larger Indonesian islands has at least one international airport. The largest and busiest airport in Indonesia, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, is located in Tangerang District, Banten. Followed by Juanda International Airport (IATA: SUB) in Surabaya, East Java as the second busiest airport in the country. There are four other international airports in Java, Adisucipto International Airport (IATA: JOG) in Yogyakarta, Adisumarmo International Airport (IATA: SOC) in Solo, Central Java, Achmad Yani International Airport (IATA: SRG) in Semarang, Central Java, International Husein Sastranegara (IATA: BDO) in Bandung, West Java.
Bali, a tourist hotspot that is part of the Nusa Tenggara Islands, has Ngurah Rai International Airport (IATA: DPS), which is the third busiest in Indonesia and one of the main entry points for foreign visitors. The Selaparang Airport (IATA: AMI) located on the west coast of Lombok is closed for flight operations on September 30, 2011. The new Lombok International Airport opens on October 1, 2011. Selaparang Airport will be rebuilt or may be maintained for development as Indonesia airport General Aviation hub first.
On Kalimantan, there is one international airport in Balikpapan, and there are two on Sumatra; Kuala Namu in Medan, North Sumatra and Minangkabau International Airport in Padang, West Sumatra.
In Sulawesi, there are two international airports, located in Makassar and Manado. Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar, South Sulawesi, is the main hub serving central and eastern Indonesia is also the 4th busiest. Sam Ratulangi International Airport, also known as Manado International Airport, is located in North Sulawesi, 13 kilometers northeast of Manado. The airport is named after Minahasa educators and independence hero Sam Ratulangi. Manado Airport is also central to remote areas of Eastern Indonesia, including Halmahera with Kao and Galela, Ambon, Tidore and Irian Jaya or West Papua airports. There are also direct flights to Manado International Airport (IATA: MDC) from Singapore daily with Silk Air, a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore Airlines.
There are three main tourists arriving at the international airport, namely Ngurah Rai International Airport (IATA: DPS) with 2.54 million, Soekarno-Hatta Airport (IATA: CGK) with 1.82 million and Hang Nadim Airport (IATA: BTH), also known as Hang Nadim International Airport, in Batam, Riau Islands with 1.007 million from 7.002 million international tourists recorded arriving in Indonesia during 2010.
Visa rules
Visa-free
Tourists holding passports from the following 169 countries and territories are eligible to enter and stay in Indonesia without a visa for 30 days. Free visa facility does not allow changes to other permits or visa extensions.
- Rules
- # - Passport holders who wish to enter Indonesia for government, education, social and cultural, tourism, business, journalistic or transit purposes may do so without a visa through all air, sea or junction points land.
- Passport holders of all other visa-free countries may enter Indonesia without a visa for the tourism purpose only and must enter through the following admission port.
- The airport
- Hang Nadim Airport
- Juanda International Airport
- Kualanamu International Airport
- Ngurah Rai International Airport
- Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
- Seaport
- Bandar Bentan Telani Lagoi (Cape Uban)
- Bandar Seri Udana Lobam (Cape Uban)
- Batam Center (Batam)
- Tri Tunas Image (Batam)
- Marina Senimba Bay (Batam)
- Nongsa Terminal Bahari (Batam)
- Sekupang (Batam)
- Sri Bintan Pura (Tanjung Pinang)
- Tanjung Balai Karimun
- The airport
Visa on Arrival (VoA)
Citizens from the following four countries can apply for Visa on Arrival for a 30-day stay by paying US $ 35 at 20 airports, 23 seaports and crossing Entikong land.
Citizens from all countries except Angola, Azerbaijan, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Tanzania, Vatican City and Venezuela are eligible for visa-free admission for tourism purposes can still obtain visa upon arrival when entering via the entrance port with a visa on arrival facility other than 5 airports and 9 ports designated for visa-free entry facilities (see above).
Entry point
List of entry points with Visa on Arrival facility.
- Airport
- Sumatra
- Banda Aceh, Aceh - Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport (BTJ)
- Medan, North Sumatra - Kuala Namu Airport (KNO)
- Pekanbaru, Riau - Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport (PKU)
- Padang, West Sumatra - Minangkabau International Airport (PDG)
- Batam, Riau Islands - Hang Nadim International Airport (BTH)
- Palembang, South Sumatra - Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport (PLM)
- Java
- Jakarta - Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (CGK)
- Jakarta - Halim Perdanakusuma Airport (HLP)
- Surabaya, East Java - Juanda International Airport (SUB)
- Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta - Adisucipto International Airport (JOG)
- Surakarta/Solo, Central Java - Adisumarmo International Airport (SOC)
- Bandung, West Java - Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO)
- Semarang, Central Java - Achmad Yani International Airport (SRG)
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Denpasar, Bali - Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS)
- Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara - Lombok International Airport (LOP)
- Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara - El Tari Airport (KOE)
- Sulawesi
- Makassar, South Sulawesi - Hasanuddin International Airport (UPG)
- Manado, North Sulawesi - Sam Ratulangi International Airport (MDC)
- Borneo
- Balikpapan, East Kalimantan - Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport (BPN)
- Pontianak, West Kalimantan - Supadio Airport (PNK)
- Seaport
- Riau Islands
- Batam - Sekupang, Citra Tri Tunas, Nongsa Marine Terminal, Senimba Bay Marina, Batam Center
- Tanjung Uban - Bandar Bentan Telani Lagoi, Bandar Seri Udana Lobam
- Tanjung Pinang - Sri Bintan Pura
- Tanjung Balai Karimun - Tanjung Balai Karimun
- North Sumatra
- Medan - Belawan
- Sibolga - Sibolga
- Riau
- Dumai - Yos Sudarso
- West Sumatra
- Padang - Teluk Bayur
- Jakarta
- Jakarta - Tanjung Priok
- Central Java
- Semarang - Tanjung Mas
- Bali
- Badung - Benoa
- Karangasem - Padang Bai
- North Sulawesi
- Bitung - Bitung
- South Sulawesi
- Makassar - Soekarno-Hatta
- Pare-Pare - Pare-Pare
- East Nusa Tenggara
- Maumere - Maumere
- Kupang - Tenau
- Papua
- Jayapura - Jayapura
- Border crossing
- Entikong, West Kalimantan - Entikong Border Crossing
Visa before arrival
Citizens who are not eligible for visa-free or VOAs need to apply for visas at Indonesian embassies or consulates.
Citizens from the following 10 countries require approval from the Immigration Office in Indonesia before traveling for business, leisure and social purposes (this policy is called Indonesian Calling Visa ):
Unusual passport
Holders of non-ordinary passports issued by the following countries are permitted to visit Indonesia without a visa:
D - diplomatic passport
O - official passport
S - service passport
Sp - - custom passport
Indonesia tourism campaign
The official authority of the Indonesian government responsible for the tourism sector in Indonesia is the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia. Several campaigns to promote Indonesian tourism have been launched, either by the government or the private sector through various media such as print, television and online.
Visit Indonesia Year 1991
Learning from the success of neighboring countries, such as Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia, which successfully benefited and exploited their tourism sector through intensive promotion, in the early 1990s the Indonesian government launched a concerted effort to promote Indonesian tourism around the world. The first integrated campaign was created as Year Visit Indonesia, and the first year was Year Visit Indonesia 1991 .
Visiting Indonesia Year 2008
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia declared 2008 as the Year of Visit Indonesia. Visit Indonesia Year 2008 was officially launched on December 26, 2007. Branding Visit Indonesia Year 2008 takes the concept of Garuda Pancasila as an Indonesian lifestyle. Five components of Pancasila are represented by five different colored lines and symbolize Indonesia Unity in Diversity . The targeted amount is 7 million. Visit Indonesia Year 2008 also commemorates the 100th anniversary of the national awakening of Indonesia in 1908.
Visiting Indonesia Year 2009
Tourism Indonesia Mart & amp; Expo (TIME) 2009 held at Santosa Villas & amp; Resort in Senggigi on the west coast of Lombok NTB. Entering its 16th year of implementation, TIME 2009 was organized by the Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board (ITPB) and received support from a large number of tourism participants in Indonesia.
TIME 2009 attracts 127 buyers from 25 countries. The top five buyers are from Korea, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States, and Netherlands. TIME 2009 also attracted a total of 250 Seller delegates from 97 Indonesian companies occupying 84 booths at the exhibition. Sellers come from 15 provinces dominated by West Nusa Tenggara, Jakarta, Bali, Central Java, and East Kalimantan as the top five Sellers. Percentage of sellers by industry are hotels, resorts & amp; spa (75%), NTO (10%), tour operators/travel agents (7%), adventure/activity vacations (3%), airlines (1.5%) and others (hotel management, tourism board, tourism & travel portal 8.5%). In the midst of the current global financial crisis, TIME 2009 posted a transaction estimate of US $ 17.48 million, an increase of 15% from the previous TIME held in Makassar, South Sulawesi in 2008.
Visiting Indonesia Year 2010
After hosting on the island of Lombok in 2009, this event again held in Lombok-Sumbawa on 12-15 October 2010 at Santosa Villas & amp; Resort in Senggigi on the west coast of Lombok. Entering the 16th year, TIME is organized by the Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board (ITPB) and supported by a large number of tourism participants in Indonesia. TIME 2010 is supported by travel and tourism industry in Indonesia, including Ministry of Culture & amp; Tourism, West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government, West Nusa Tenggara Culture & amp; Tourism Office, Lombok Sumbawa Promo, Garuda Indonesia as an official airline, other supporting airlines, the Indonesian National Air Transport Association (INACA), Indonesian Airlines Representative Council (BARINDO), Indonesian Travel Association & Travel Agents (ASITA), Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association (PHRI), Indonesian Conferences and Conventions (INCCA), Pacto Convex as event organizers, supported by national and international media. Lombok and Sumbawa in West Nusa Tenggara set a target to attract one million tourists to visit the islands in 2012.
Wonderful Indonesia (since 2011)
Wonderful Indonesia has been the slogan since January 2011 from an international marketing campaign directed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia to promote tourism. This campaign replaces previous "Visit Indonesia Year" campaigns that have been used since 1991. The concept of "Wonderful Indonesia" highlights the tremendous nature, culture, people, food, and value of Indonesia's "money". After the campaign was launched, Indonesia reported an increase in foreign visitors; from 7,002,944 in 2010, to 7,649,731 in 2011; and 8,044,462 in 2012.
The Indonesian charm (since 2014)
In December 2014, the new Tourism Minister, Arief Yahya launched a new brand of Indonesian charm to target the domestic tourism market. Both Wonderful Indonesia and Enchantment Indonesia have the same Garuda logo. The Minister hopes that both brands will be the sole tourism identity for Indonesia.
Destination Management Organization
One of the programs of the Central Government is the Destination Management Organization (DMO) which will involve all shareholders including its owners. Target DMO for 2010-2014 is 15 areas: Sabang, Toba, Old Town area of ​​Jakarta, Pangandaran, Borobudur, Tanjung Puting, Bromo-Tengger-Semeru, Batur Bali, Rinjani, Derawan Islands, Toraja, Bunaken, Wakatobi, Raja Ampat, Komodo -Kelimutu-Flores.
Ten Priority Tourism Destinations
In mid 2016, the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism launched a new program named "10 Priority Tourism Destinations (Indonesian: 10 Priority Tour Destinations )". The ten destinations are Tanjung Kelayang beach, Tanjung Lesung beach, Kepulauan Seribu, Borobudur Temple, Mount Bromo, Lake Toba, Komodo National Park, Morotai island and Raja Ampat Islands.
Challenges to the tourism industry
Terrorism
The first major terrorist attack in Indonesia was the 2002 Bali bombing. This is a major blow to the Indonesian tourism industry. A series of travel warnings were issued by a number of countries. After the attack, the level of tourism in Bali decreased 32%. After the 2002 attacks, the following three years also suffered three major terrorist attacks: the 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, the 2004 Australian embassy bombing in Jakarta, and the second bombing in Bali. Fortunately in 2008, there was no major terrorist attack since 2005, and the United States Government lifted its warning against travel to Indonesia. In 2006, 227,000 Australians visited Indonesia, and in 2007, the level of tourists continues to increase with 314,000 tourists arriving in Indonesia.
In 2008, the US government lifted their travel warning in Indonesia.
Policy is not conducive
Most of the major tourist destinations in Indonesia, especially Bali, Yogyakarta, Batam, Bandung and Jakarta, have a rather relaxed, cosmopolitan social outlook, which is conducive to the tourism industry. However, certain regional provinces may not have such luxuries, and tend to be conservative. In addition to national law, several provinces in Indonesia have implemented regional autonomy laws, some of which are based on Islamic sharia law, such as Aceh province and Palembang city. Extra attention should be shown by visitors to Aceh, as the province has a rather strict Islamic-based law, upheld by the Islamic religious police, called Wilayatul Hisbah in Indonesia. Thus, some things that are usually personal, such as beach clothing (especially bikinis), politeness problems, parties and alcohol consumption, to show affection between spouses, are discouraged and criticized, and may cause legal problems. Caution and wisdom are indispensable, especially for unmarried couples and LGBT travelers.
Legal restrictions on alcohol, encouraged by Islamic parties and organizations in the country, are also detrimental to the tourism and service sectors. As a result, alcohol taxes in Indonesia are among the highest in the world, leading to high prices of alcoholic beverages. This policy is quite dangerous for bar industry, club and restaurant in Indonesia.
Another non-conducive policy is a rather strict policy on nightlife; Local authorities occasionally launch attacks on clubs, karaoke and discotheques for reasons of drug curbing and substance abuse in these places, which may be uncomfortable for visitors. It was reported in April 2017 that Indonesian government authorities arrested 32 foreign nationals for failing to show proper ID during the raid at an entertainment center in Batam on April 23, 2017. Yudi Kurnain, a member of Batam Legislative Council has condemned the attack, saying that it is possible hampering tourism on the island. He was quoted as saying, "They should conduct immigration checks in a humane way, not through such repressive acts".
Since 2016, anti-LGBT sentiment is on the rise in the country, so homophobia, hate crimes, raids, criminalization and harassment of LGBT and local residents, dramatically increased thereafter. The government's failure to curb Islam attacks against LGBT people could damage the tourism sector and the development of real estate.
Health issues
Bird flu outbreaks across the country have affected the number of foreign visitors. In 2006, the outbreak has killed at least 46 people since 2005, making Indonesia the country with the highest death toll from the recent epidemic. However, since the disease has not been proven to mutate into a form that can transfer from human to human, the US embassy, ​​for example, has not issued a travel warning about the outbreak.
Regional conflict
Another major threat to the tourism industry is sectarian and separatist conflicts in certain provinces of Indonesia. On the brighter side, decades of violence related to separatism in Aceh ended in 2005 with the signing of a peace agreement between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement. Currently, Aceh is trying to develop the tourism sector, although they still have problems regarding non-conducive policies such as strict enforcement of sharia law that could endanger the development of tourism in the province.
While the tourism industry in Maluku and Central Sulawesi, which has suffered in recent years from serious sectarian conflict, is currently in the process of recovery.
Papua on the other hand, is still influenced by Papuan separatism, small-scale regional conflict. The government and the military have been accused of "slow genocide" against indigenous peoples, through transmigration from other densely populated provinces in Indonesia that changed the demographic balance in the province. The government and military have also been accused of suppressing free speech in West Papua, following the expulsion of foreign journalists.
User guide
Guidebooks and travel accounts with details of the country and people have had a long history - some books from the 19th century and early 20th century became classics with descriptions of places considered as things to see . Both private authors and government publications (such as the 1920s Coming to Java produced in Batavia by the government tourism bureau at the time) have been created every decade to date. There were restrictions to tourism during World War II and the mid to late 1960s - apart from two periods - travel accounts and guidebooks had been produced on a regular basis. The texts of James Rush and Adrian Vickers mentioned below are excellent introductions to the various writings that have been made.
The most popular Indonesian guide in English from the 1970s to the 1990s is the Indonesian Bill Dalton Handbook , while from the 1990s onwards, Lonely Planet's Indonesia > went to the tenth edition in 2010. Many other guidebooks have been produced in English and other languages.
Major international newspapers regularly have travel sections and stories about Indonesia. Tourism journalists in Indonesia join the Association of Indonesian Tourism Journalists (IJA), an Indonesian journalist is quite active in writing various tourism information about the uniqueness found in the country.
Gallery
See also
- Alcohol in Indonesia
- Transportation in Indonesia
- Indonesian visa policy
- Category: World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
References
Further reading
External links
- Indonesia's official tourism website
- YouTube Indonesia Travel Wonderful Indonesia Channel
- Indonesian Tourism Journalists Association (ITJA)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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