The National Monument (Indonesian: National Monument , abbreviated Monas ) is a 132 m (433 ft) tower at the center of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta, symbolizing the struggle for Indonesia. This is a national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.
Construction began in 1961 under the direction of President Soekarno. The monument was opened to the public in 1975. Above it was covered by a fire lined with gold paper.
Monuments and museums open daily from 08:00 to 16:00 Western Indonesia Time (UTC 7) throughout the week except Mondays when the monument is closed. Since April 2016, the monument also opens at night, from 7 pm to 10 pm on Tuesdays to Fridays, and from 7 pm to 12 am on Saturdays and Sundays.
Video National Monument (Indonesia)
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After the Indonesian government returned to Jakarta from Yogyakarta in 1950 after the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence, President Soekarno began contemplating the construction of a national monument comparable to the Eiffel Tower on the square in front of the Presidential Palace.
On 17 August 1954, the National Monument Committee was established and a design competition was held in 1955. It attracted 51 entries, but only one design, by Frederich Silaban, fulfilled one of the criteria prescribed by the committee, which included reflecting the Indonesian character in a building able to survive for centuries. A recurring competition was held in 1960, but again, none of the 136 participants met the criteria.
The jury chief then asked Silaban to show his design to Sukarno. However, Soekarno did not like the design because he wanted the monument to be in the form of phallus and yoni. Silaban was asked to design such monuments, but the design was for such a huge monument that it could not be reached given the economic conditions of the time.
Silaban refused to design a smaller monument, indicating that construction was postponed until the Indonesian economy improved. Soekarno then asked the architect R.M. Soedarsono to continue the design. Soedarsono entered the numbers 17, 8 and 45, representing August 17, 1945 Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, in the dimensions of the monument.
Maps National Monument (Indonesia)
Construction
Monas development takes place in three stages. The first period, from 1961/1962-1964/1965 began with the official commencement of construction on 17 August 1961 with Sukarno driving ceremonially in the first concrete pile.
A total of 284 piles are used for foundation blocks. More than 360 piles were driven for the museum's foundation, with work completed in March 1962. The museum wall at the base was completed in October. The construction of the obelisk then began and was completed in August 1963. Working in the second phase, from 1966 to 1968, was delayed by a shortage of funds and after the September 30 Movement's coup attempt.
In the final stage, from 1969-1976, a diorama for historical museums was added. The problem persists after construction is complete, and work is needed to solve the problem with water leaking into the museum. Monas was officially opened to the public on July 12, 1975.
The location of Monas is known as Merdeka Square.
Design of the monument
The towering monument summarizes the philosophy of Lingga and Yoni. The phallus resembles a pestle of alu rice and Yoni resembles a mortar cut, two important traditional Indonesian tools. Lingga and Yoni also symbolize harmony, balance, fertility and eternal life with phallic phallic symbols, representing masculinity, positive elements, and daylight and Yoni symbol of female organs, representing femininity, negative elements, and night.
It also resembles the blooms of the famous, native Indonesian Amorphophallus titanum. Indeed, the fiberglass sculpture Amorphophallus and Rafflesia is installed around the monument. This monument consists of 117.7m obelisks on a 45m square platform at a height of 17m, a goblet page. Obelisk itself is lined with Italian marble.
The 25º to 25 m north pool is designed to cool water for the air-conditioning system of Monas as well as to enhance the beauty of the surrounding area. To the north, there is a statue of Indonesian national hero Prince Diponegoro by Italian sculptor, Cobertaldo.
Relief of Indonesia's history
In the outer courtyard surrounding Monas there is a relief of Indonesian history. The story begins in the northeast corner and explains events during an era such as the Singhasari and Majapahit empires. The reliefs extend along four walls showing European colonization of the Indonesian archipelago, popular local rebellions, modern Indonesian organizations in the early 20th century, the Japanese occupation in World War II, the Proclamation of Independence, and post-independence developments. Relief is made from mold cement even though some statues are damaged and have weathered due to weathering.
National History Museum
The Indonesian National History Museum has a diorama view in the large marble-covered hall under the Monas. There are a total of 51 dioramas around the walls and in the middle of the hall.
Diorama begins in the northeast corner, displaying scenes from Indonesian history from the beginning during the early days of Indonesian Prehistory, Borobudur development, the Sriwijaya and Majapahit era, followed by events from the period of colonialism and the European uprising against the Dutch Indies Company and the Dutch East Indies govern.
The diorama continued into the 20th century which shows the Japanese occupation, the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945, the struggle for independence of the Indonesian revolution, and the events of the New Order regime of the Suharto regime.
Hall of Independence
The Independence Hall (Bahasa Indonesia: Space of Independence ) is located in a trophy or "trophy" part of Monas (Indonesian: Cup ). The hall, which contains various symbols of independence, can be reached via a spiral staircase at the north and south entrance. The original manuscript of the Proclamation of Independence was kept in a glass case inside a bronze gold door. On the west side of the inner wall. The mechanical bronze gate weighs 4 tons and is coated with goldleaf emblazoned with pictures of the flower Wijaya Kusuma , symbolizes immortality, and the lotus flower, symbolizes purity. The doors, known as the Gate of Independence, or the Gate of Independence, open slowly while the nationalist song Within the Land is played followed by the recording of Soekarno's reading the text of the Proclamation. On the south wall there is a large gold-plated bronze statue of the Indonesian symbol weighing 3.5 tons. On the east side is the text of the proclamation in bronze. Originally the eastern side featured the most sacred Indonesian flag, Sang Saka Merah Putih , originally resurrected on August 17, 1945. However, because of its fragility and in bad condition it is no longer displayed. The wall on the north side features a map of the gold-covered Indonesian archipelago.
There is a central platform above the cup (goblet) that provides visitors with views of a height of 17 meters. This central platform can be accessed via an elevator on the way from the main observation deck (the lift stops on the street at the cup to allow visitors out) or via the stairs from the bottom.
Observation Deck and Flame of Independence
An elevator on the south side takes visitors to the viewing platform at an altitude of 115 meters above ground level. The lift capacity is about 11 people. The top platform can hold about 50 people. There are also stairs to use in an emergency. The total height of the monument is 132 meters. Distance from the platform view to the flame tip is 17 meters. Ticket for the observation deck is Rp.10.000 (adult, 2016).
The monument is topped by a 14.5-ton Flame of Independence bronze containing a lift machine. The fire base, in the form of a cup, is 3 meters high. The bronze fire structure measures 14 meters tall and 6 meters in diameter. It consists of 77 sections. Originally a bronze fire structure was covered with a gold foil weighing 35 kg. However, on the 50th anniversary of Indonesian independence in 1995, the gold paper was closed again and upgraded to 50 kg of gold foil. Obelisk and flame symbolize the struggle for independence of the people of Indonesia.
Get there
Observation tables and other facilities are open daily from 08:00 to 16:00 daily (except Monday). The entrance to Monas is located about 100 meters to the north side of the monument. Visitors enter by step into the tunnel leading back to the Monas base. There is a ticket office (Rp 5,000 for adults, Rp 2,000 for children, 2016) at the end of the tunnel. Tickets allow access to the display of the Museum of National History diorama as well as several other parts of the area. Tickets for access to the observation table are charged Rp 10,000 for adults (2016) and can be purchased at the second booth after passing the hall showing the dioramas.
It is best to leave early, preferably arriving before 08.00, and head straight for the elevator to the observation tower. The elevator has a capacity of maybe 160 people per hour so that the long queue increases quickly. Other parts of the monument, including the diorama in the hall under Monas, can be seen later.
Since April 2016, the monument is also open at night, from 7 pm to 10 pm on Tuesdays to Fridays, and from 7 pm to 12 am on Saturdays and Sundays. Tickets to ride to the top viewing platform however, are limited and time of visit is distributed and scheduled to avoid long queues. Every day, management only sells 1,800 tickets for a day visit and 700 tickets for a night visit to the obsarvation deck.
See also
- Juche Tower, similarly designed monument tower in Pyongyang, North Korea, topped with a fire sculpture and take the elevator to the upper observation deck.
- Washington Monument in Washington DC, an obelisk established to commemorate George Washington.
- Tugu Pahlawan in Surabaya, the same design with ten obelisk sides to commemorate the Battle Hero of Surabaya.
- Tugu Muda in Semarang.
- National Press Monument in Surakarta.
- List of museums and cultural institutions in Indonesia
Note
References
Healen, A, (2008) Merdeka Field - The Heart of the Republic of Indonesia ( Merdeka Square - The Indonesian Capital's Heart ), Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka, Jakarta, No ISBN ( Bahasa Indonesia )Source of the article : Wikipedia
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