God is dead

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" Dead God " (German: ,, Gott ist tot " Ã, , also known as Death of God ) is a statement widely quoted by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.Nietzsche uses this phrase in a figurative sense, to express the idea that The enlightenment has "killed" the possibility of belief in any god that ever existed, others, such as the supporters of the strongest form of the theology of the Death of the Lord, have used this phrase in the literal sense, meaning that the Christian God of God at one point is no longer present.

This phrase first appeared in Nietzsche's 1882 collection The Gay Science German Die frÃÆ'¶hliche Wissenschaft , also translated as "The Joyful Pursuit of Knowledge and Understanding"). However, this is most famously associated with Nietzsche So Spoke Zarathustra ( Also sprach Zarathustra ), who are most responsible for creating popular phrases. Other philosophers have previously discussed the concept, including Philipp MainlÃÆ'¤nder and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Video God is dead

Diskusi oleh Hegel

Despite the statements and their meanings associated with Nietzche, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel has discussed the concept of God's death, in the Phenomenology of the Spirit in which he considers God's death to be "Not seen as anything but the easily recognizable part of the cycle of redemption Ordinary Christians. "Then Hegel writes about the tremendous pain of knowing that God is dead." The pure concept, however, or infinite, as the abyss of emptiness in which all drowned, must characterize infinite pain, previously only in the culture of history and as a modern umbrella feeling, the feeling that God Himself is dead, (the feeling spoken by Pascal, though only empirically, in his proverb: Nature is such that it marks everywhere, both inside and outside man, the lost of God), purely as a phase, but also no more than a phase, from the highest idea. " Role

Maps God is dead

in philosophy Philipp MainlÃÆ'¤nder

Prior to Nietzsche, this concept was popularized in philosophy by the German philosopher Philipp MainlÃÆ'¤nder.

While reading Mainlönder, Nietzsche explicitly writes to part with Schopenhauer. In the more than 200-page MainlÃÆ'¤nder critique of Schopenhauer's metaphysics, he opposes a cosmic unity behind the world, and wins the real desires that struggle with each other for existence. However, the interconnections and movements of the unity of the world, which are the reasons that guide philosophers to pantheism, can not be denied. They do lead to one unity, but this may not sacrifice one unity in the world that undermines the empirical realities of the world. Therefore it is declared dead.

Now we have the right to give this a famous name that always points to what no imagination powers, no flight of the most daring fantasy, no obedient heart, no deep abstract thought, no enthralled and transported spirit ever reached: God . But this basic unity is the past ; it no longer is . He has, by changing his form, totally and completely destroyed himself. God is dead and his death is the life of the world.

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Nietzsche's Formula

The idea is expressed in "The Madman" as follows:

God is dead. God is still dead. And we killed him. How can we entertain ourselves, the killers of all the killers? What is the most sacred and the most powerful of all the worlds has not yet died of blood under our knife: who will remove this blood from us? What water is there for us to clean? What gift of redemption, what sacred game should we create? Is not the greatness of this act too big for us? Should we not ourselves become gods only to appear worthy?

But the most recognizable part is at the end of 2 Prologue Zarathustra , where after starting his allegory journey, Zarathustra meets an old ascetic who expresses the error and love of God:

When Zarathustra heard these words, he saluted the saint and said, "What shall I give to you! But let me hurry, I take nothing from you!" And so they parted from each other, the old man and Zarathustra, laughing as the two boys laughed.

But when Zarathustra was alone, he spoke thus to his heart: "Could this old saint not yet heard in his forest that God is dead!"

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Description

Nietzche used the phrase to deduce the effects and consequences that the Enlightenment had on the centrality of the concept of God in Western European civilization, essentially Christian since the later Roman Empire. Enlightenment has brought the victory of scientific rationality over the sacred revelation; the emergence of philosophical materialism and Naturalism which for all intents and purposes has been abolished with the trust or role of God in human affairs and the fate of the world.

Nietzche acknowledges the crisis that the "Death of God" is represented for the moral assumptions that exist in Europe because they exist in the context of traditional Christian beliefs. "When one releases the Christian faith, one draws the right of Christian morality out from under one's feet.This morality is by no means self-evident... By breaking a major concept of Christianity, faith in God, one whole break: nothing left in hands of a person. "This is why in" The Madman ", a passage that deals primarily with the nontheists (especially atheists), the problem is maintaining any value system without a divine order.

The Enlightenment Conclusion of the "Death of God" gives rise to the proposition that human beings - and Western Civilization as a whole - can no longer believe in the divinely established moral order. This death of God will lead, says Nietzsche, not only against the rejection of cosmic beliefs or the physical order but also the rejection of the absolute values ​​themselves - against the rejection of belief in the objective and universal moral law, which binds all individuals. In this way, the absolute absolute loss of morality leads to nihilism. This nihilism is that Nietzche worked out a solution by re-evaluating the basics of human values.

Nietzche believes that the majority of people do not recognize this death because of the deepest fear or anxiety. Therefore, when death begins to be widely recognized, people will despair and nihilism will be rampant.

Nietzsche and Heidegger

Martin Heidegger understood this part of Nietzsche's philosophy by viewing it as the death of metaphysics. In his view, Nietzsche's words can only be understood as referring not to particular theological or anthropological views but to the end of the philosophy itself. Philosophy has, in the words of Heidegger, reached its full potential as a metaphysics and Nietzsche's words warn of its destruction and the metaphysical worldview. If the metaphysics is dead, Heidegger warns, it's because from the beginning that's his fate.

Nietzsche and others

Paul Tillich and Richard Schacht were influenced by Nietzche's writings and especially the phrase "God is dead."

William Hamilton wrote the following about Nietzsche's view:

For the most part Altizer prefers the mystique to the ethical language in solving the problem of God's death, or, as he places it, in mapping the path from profane to sacred. This combination of Kierkegaard and Eliade makes a rather rough reading, but its position at the end is relatively simple. The following is an important summary statement of his view: If theology now must accept dialectical calling, it must learn the full meaning of the Maxs and No-say; it must sense the possibility of Yes that can be NO, and No one can be Yes; in short, should look ahead to the dialectic coincidentia oppositorum . Let theology rejoice that faith is once again a "scandal", and not just a moral scandal, a violation of human pride and virtue, but, much deeper, ontological scandal; because eschatological faith is directed against the deepest reality of what we know as history and the cosmos. Through Nietzsche's vision of the Eternal Return, we can feel the ecstatic freedom that can be caused by the transcendent collapse of Being, by the death of God... and, from Nietzche's portrait of Jesus, the theology must learn about the eschatological forces. The faith that can liberate believers from contemporary sensibilities is an inescapable historical reality. But the ultimate liberation must be influenced by affirmation.... (See "The Theology and Death of God," in this book, pp. 95-111.

New possibilities

Nietzche believes there may be a positive possibility for humans without God. Releasing belief in God opens the way for human creative ability to thrive fully. The Christian God, he wrote, would no longer block his course, so that mankind might stop looking at the supernatural world and begin to recognize the value of this world.

Nietzsche uses open ocean metaphors, which can be both exhilarating and frightening. People who eventually learn to create their new life will represent a new stage in human existence, <Æ'