Citarum (Sundanese: Citarum ) is the longest and largest river in West Java, Indonesia. This is the third longest river in Java, after Bengawan Solo and Brantas. It has an important role in the life of the people of West Java, because it supports agriculture, water supply, fisheries, industry, sewerage, and electricity. Currently listed as one of the most polluted rivers in the world, along with the Meycauayan River system, Marilao and Obando in the Philippines.
Video Citarum River
History
In the history of Indonesia, Citarum is associated with the kingdom of Tarumanagara in the 4th century, because the kingdom and river share the same etymology, derived from the word "tarum" (Sundanese for tilapia). Culture of Buni clay pottery of the 4th century BC before the first century BCE developed near the mouth of the river. Stone inscriptions, Chinese sources, and archaeological sites such as Batujaya and Cibuaya show that human dwellings and civilizations flourished in and around the mouths of rivers and river valleys at the beginning of the 4th century and even earlier.
Maps Citarum River
Geography
The river flows in the northwestern region of Java with a tropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature in this area is 24 Â ° C. The hottest month is May, when the average temperature is around 26 Â ° C, and the coldest is January, at 22 Â ° C. The mean annual rainfall is 2646 mm. The wettest month is January, with an average rainfall of 668 mm, and the driest month is September, with 14 mm rainfall.
Hydroelectricity and irrigation
Three hydroelectric dams are installed along the Citarum: Saguling, Cirata, and Ir. H. Djuanda (Jatiluhur), all supplying electricity for Bandung and Jabodetabek area. Water from the dam is also used to irrigate vast rice fields in the Karawang and Bekasi areas, making the lowlands of northern West Java one of the most productive areas of rice farming.
Jatiluhur Dam with a storage capacity of 3 billion cubic meters has the largest reservoir in Indonesia.
Rivers make up about 80 percent of the surface water available to people who use it. Pollution has greatly affected agriculture so farmers have sold their fields at half their normal price.
Pollution
The river is heavily polluted by human activity; about five million people live in the basin. Textile factories in Bandung and Cimahi are major contributors of toxic waste. More than 2,000 industries pollute 5,020 square miles of rivers with lead, mercury, arsenic, and other toxins.
On December 5, 2008, the Asian Development Bank approved a $ 500 million loan to clean up the river, calling it the dirtiest in the world.
Revitalization
In November 2011, the river revitalization began, with an estimated cost of Rp35 trillion ($ 4 billion) over 15 years. This revitalization takes place from Mount Wayang through eight regencies and three cities for a distance of 180 kilometers. The target for the first three years is to collect 10.5 million cubic meters of sedimentation.
References
External links
- "Remote Sensing data application for Citarum River Integrated Management" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) in 2007-09-28. Ã, Ã, (6.29Ã, MiB)
- "The 15 most poisonous places to live" through the Mother Nature Network
- "Sea of ​​Trash" - image of Citarum River pollution
- "The Dirtiest River In The World" - photo
- Citarum - Language (mainly updated) and English-language website about information about Citarum river recovery efforts
- Citarum Knowledge Center - information on research, from scientific publications to tool kits for applied research and policy briefs on Citarum River recovery efforts. All materials can be downloaded for free from the site.
- "Saving the Citarum River." Sometimes Interesting . 09 Nov 2013
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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