Sangiran is an archaeological excavation site in Java in Indonesia. According to a UNESCO (1995) report "Sangiran is recognized by scientists to be one of the most important sites in the world to study fossil man, Zhoukoudian (China) shared rankings, Willandra Lakes (Australia), Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), and Sterkfontein (Africa) South), and more fruitful than this. "
This area consists of about 56 km² (7 km x 8 km). Located in Central Java, about 15 kilometers north of Surakarta in the Solo River valley. Administratively, Sangiran region is divided between 2 districts: Sragen (Gemolong sub district, Kalijambe, and Plupuh) and Karanganyar (Gondangrejo sub-district). An important feature of this site is the geology of the area. Initially the dome was created millions of years ago through tectonic lifting. The dome was then eroded and uncovered the bed inside the dome which is rich with archaeological records.
Video Sangiran
History
- 1883: Dutch paleoanthropologist EugÃÆ'¨ne Dubois conducts field research at Sangiran. But Dubois did not find many interesting fossils so he turned his attention to Trinil in East Java where he found important discoveries.
- 1934: Anthropologist Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald begins to examine the area. During the excavations of the following years, the fossils of some of the earliest known human ancestors, Pithecanthropus erectus ("Java Man", now reclassified as part of the Homo erectus species ), is found here. About 60 other human fossils, among them the mysterious "Meganthropus," have been found. Sangiran 2, for example, was found by von Koenigswald on the site. In addition, there are a large number of animal remains that this primitive man hunts, and others who share only the habitat.
- 1977: The Indonesian government designates an area of ​​56 km2 around Sangiran as a Protected Area (Protected Cultural Area).
- 1988: A simple local site museum and conservation lab set up at Sangiran.
- 1996: UNESCO listed Sangiran as a World Heritage Site in World Heritage List as the Ancient Human Site of Sangiran.
- 2011: The museum and visitor center is currently opened by the Ministry of Education and Culture on December 15th.
- 2012: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono visited the museum in February accompanied by 11 cabinet ministers.
Over time, after initial work by Dubois and von Koenigswald in Sangiran, other scholars including Indonesian archaeologists did work on the site. Indonesian intellectuals include Teuku Jacob, Etty Indriati, Sartono, Fachroel Aziz, Harry Widianto, Yahdi Zaim, and Johan Arif.
Maps Sangiran
Sangiran Museum
A simple museum is in Sangiran for decades before a well-functioning modern museum and visitor center opened in December 2011. The new building, a modern museum, contains three main halls with a wide view and impressive dioramas from the Sangiran area as it is believed about 1 million years ago. Some other centers are being built as well (early 2013) so that by 2014 there are expected to be four centers in various places within the Sangiran site as a whole. The four planned centers are:
- Krikilan: existing site with main visitor center and museum.
- Ngebung: contains history of Sangiran site discovery.
- Measures: to provide information about the discovery of prehistoric human fossils in Sangiran.
- Dayu: to present information about the latest research.
The museum and visitor center currently has three main halls. The first hall contains a number of dioramas that provide information about ancient humans and animals on the Sangiran site about 1 million years ago. The second hall, which is wider, presents many material details about the various fossils found in Sangiran and about the history of exploration on the site. The third hall, in a separate impressive presentation, contains a large diorama that provides a broad view of the whole of Sangiran, with volcanoes such as Mount Lawu in the background and humans and animals in the foreground, as imagined to have been around 1 million years ago. Several presentations in the third hall attracted the work of internationally renowned paleontologist sculptor, Elisabeth Daynes.
Access
Access to the Sangiran museum is obtained by traveling about 15 km north of Surakarta along the main road to the town of Purwodadi in Central Java. The turnoff to the museum, just past the small market town of Kalioso, leads along a covered path that winds through a relatively poor rural area for about 4 km before reaching the short end entrance to the visitor center to the right. Total travel time from Surakarta, depending on traffic conditions along the busy Surakarta-Purwodadi road, about 45-60 minutes. There are public buses along the route from Surakarta to Purwodadi which will lower passengers upon request. Local motorcycle motorcycle taxi drivers will transport visitors along the remaining 4 km at a moderate cost. (The museum is open from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm every day except Monday when the museum is closed.)
Social and other issues
The development of the Sangiran site as a whole has not been without controversy. Uncontrolled excavations and fossil illegal trade have occurred on numerous occasions since the site was first discovered. For a considerable period of time, villagers in the area often excavate and sell fossils to local buyers. Following the enactment of the National Law no. 5 of 1992 on cultural heritage objects, there is stronger control over these activities. However, illegal activities sometimes continue to happen in recent years. In 2010, for example, an American citizen who claimed to be a scientist was arrested near Sangiran while traveling by truck containing 43 different fossil types in boxes and sacks with an estimated market value of $ 2 million.
Recently, there was a discussion in the Indonesian media about how the development of Sangiran site has failed to bring real tangible benefits to rural communities in the local area.
See also
- Homo floresiensis
- Liang Bua Cave Site in Flores
- List of fossil sites
- List of human evolutionary fossils
- Meganthropus
- Children of Mojokerto (another Java fossil Homo erectus )
- Prehistoric Asia
- Indonesian prehistory
- Solo Man (referring to Ngandong site in Java)
- The Trinil fossil site in Java.
External links
- UNESCO World Heritage Center Sangiran Early Man Site Site.
- Notes about sites in Best Travel Guide: Sangiran
- 360 Â ° Sangiran Museum's panoramas on the world heritage tour
- Accommodation Information about Sangiran Museum
- The international conference on Sangiran: Man, Culture and Environment at the Pleistocene was held in Surakarta (Solo) in September 1998
- The little book that Dr. Etty Indriati from Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta provides a useful guide for this site in the Indonesian language. See Etty Indriati, Cultural Heritage and Ancient Indonesian Sangiran Cultural heritage and ancient Indonesian man Sangiran , PT Citra Aji Parama, Yogyakarta, 2009. This book, together with others note, can be purchased at the museum entrance.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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