An adit (from the Latin aditus , the entrance) is the entrance to a horizontal or almost horizontal underground mine, where a mine can be inserted, drained, ventilated, and minerals extracted at the lowest comfortable level. Advertising is also used to explore mineral veins.
Video Adit
Construction
Adit is pushed to the side of a hill or mountain, and is often used when the ore body is located inside the mountain but above the adjacent valley floor or the coastal plain. In cases where the pulse of the mineral is on the surface, adit may follow the lode or vein until it succeeds, in this case the adite is rarely straight. The use of adits for ore extraction is generally called drift mining.
Adit can only be pushed into mines where local topography is possible. There will be no opportunity to move an adit into a mine located on a large flat plain, for example. Also if the soil is weak, the cost of supporting a long adit may be greater than the possible profit.
Maps Adit
Access and ventilation
Access to mines with adits has many advantages over the vertical access shafts used in shaft mining. Less energy is needed to transport miners and heavy equipment to and from the mine. It is also easier to carry ore or coal out of the mine. Horizontal travel using a tramway or narrow-sized cable car is also much safer and can move more people and ore than a vertical lift.
In combination with the shaft, adits form an important element in the mine vent: in simple terms, cold air will enter through an adit, warmed by higher temperatures underground and naturally going out of the vertical axis, some of which are specifically drowned. for this purpose.
Drainage
Most adits are designed to tilt slightly up from the entrance so that the water will flow freely out of the mine. Mines that have adit can be at least partly water dried by gravity alone or electric assisted gravity. The depth at which a mine can be drained by gravity alone is determined by the deepest open adit known as "adit drainage". The term mine drainage tunnel is also common, at least in the United States. Jobs above this level (known as "above adit") will remain unlogged as long as adits are not blocked. All mine works under both adit drainage ("under adit") and the water table will overwhelm unless mechanical means are used for drainage. Until the invention of this steam engine was a major limitation on deep mining. Of course, adit is still useful for deeper mines because water only needs to be lifted into adit drainage rather than to the surface.
Due to the substantial reductions in the ongoing costs that aditase drainage can afford, they are sometimes pushed for long distances only for this purpose, one of which is the Milwr tunnel in North Wales, which is about 10 miles (16 km) long. Another example is the Great County Adit in Cornwall, a 40-mile (65 km) adit network used for drying the entire Gwennap mining area, and 3.9 miles (3.2 km) of Sutro Tunnel at Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada. The side benefit of driving such a large ad is that previously unknown ore bodies can be found, helping to finance enormous expenses.
Adits were used in Cornwall long before 1500 and are essential for tin and copper mines in Cornwall and Devon because the bearing-bearing veins are there near-vertical and act as channels through which water can easily seep.
Important example
Great County Adit, a system of more than 65 km (40 miles) of adits used for the depletion of more than 100 mines in the Gwennap area of ​​Cornwall in the 18th and early 19th century.
Similar terms
- "Drift" is a more general term for any near-horizontal underground track in the mine. Unlike an adit, there is no need to float to the surface. Drift mining is the use of drifts to extract the ore - in this case drifts follow the vein.
- A "level" is a horizontal section that branches out of the shaft and is used for access to the part of the mine where ore is being removed. At the mine where the inn has a significant vertical rate there can be many levels of numbers, one below the other. They can be connected to a short vertical axis known as "winzes". Levels that reach the surface, on the hillside or in the valley, for example, are called "adit levels".
- "Sough" is a term used primarily in Derbyshire's main mining area. The main purpose of the dough is to drain the water from the mine.
See also
Glossary of coal mining terms
References
Source
- Earl, Bryan (1994). Cornish Mining: Metal Mining Techniques in Western England, Past and Present (2nd ed.). St Austell: Cornish Hillside Publication. ISBN: 0-9519419-3-3.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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