The Indonesian transport system has been shaped over time by the economic resource base of an archipelago with thousands of islands, and the distribution of over 200 million people is heavily concentrated on an island, Java.
All modes of transportation play a role in the country's transportation system and are generally complementary rather than competitive. Land transportation dominates, with a total length of system reaching 438,000 km in 2008. The railway system has four unrelinked networks in Java and Sumatra primarily dedicated to transporting bulk commodities and long-distance passenger traffic. Sea transportation is essential for economic integration and for domestic and foreign trade. It is well developed, with each major island having at least one significant port city. The role of inland waterways is relatively small and limited to certain areas in East Sumatra and Kalimantan. The function of air transport is very important, especially when land or water transportation is not sufficient or absent at all. It is based on a vast domestic airline network in which all major cities can be reached by passenger planes.
Video Transport in Indonesia
Water transport
Sea ships
Since Indonesia covers a vast archipelago, maritime voyages provide important links between different parts of the country. Commonly used boats include large container ships, ferries, passenger ships, sailboats and small motor boats. The traditional wooden pin of a ship is still widely used as an inter-island delivery service in the Indonesian archipelago. The main traditional pinisi ports are Sunda Kelapa in Jakarta and Paotere harbor in Makassar.
Ferry services often cross the strait between nearby islands, especially in island chains stretching from Sumatra via Java to the Lesser Sunda Islands. At the busy crossing between Sumatra, Java, and Bali, several car ferries often run twenty-four hours per day. There is also an international ferry service between crossing the Malacca Strait between Sumatra and Malaysia, and between Singapore and nearby Indonesian islands, such as Batam.
The passenger ship network makes longer connections to remote islands, especially in the eastern part of the archipelago. The national shipping line, Pelni, provides passenger service to ports across the country with a two to four week schedule. These ships generally provide the cheapest way to travel long distances between islands. Smaller still privately run boats provide inter island service.
On some islands, major rivers provide major transport routes without good roads. In Kalimantan, long boats that run on the river are the only way to reach many inland areas.
Water channel
Indonesia has 21,579 km of navigable waterways (2005), about half in Kalimantan, and one quarter in Sumatra and Papua. Waterways are needed because the rivers in these islands are not wide enough to accommodate medium sized vessels. In addition, roads and trains are not a good option because of Kalimantan and Papua unlike Java, which is a very developed island. With its current waters, Indonesia ranks seventh in the countries with the longest waterways.
Ports and ports
Major ports and ports include Bitung, Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya and Makassar. The ports are managed by various Pelabuhan Indonesia Companies, where there are four, numbered I through IV. Each has jurisdiction over different regions of the country, with I in the west and IV in the east. The Port of Tanjung Priok in Jakarta is the busiest port in Indonesia, handling over 5.20 million TEUs. A new two-phase "New Tanjung Priok" extension project is currently underway, which will double the annual capacity that is in full operation by 2023. By 2015, a breakthrough from the strategic Port of Kuala Tanjung Sumatra Port has been completed. It is expected to accommodate 500,000 TEUs per year, overtaking the Port of Tanjung Pelepas Johor and can even compete with the Singapore port.
Maps Transport in Indonesia
Roads and highways
Various kinds of vehicles are used for transportation on the streets of Indonesia. Bus services are available in most areas connected to the road network. Among the major cities, especially in Sumatra, Java, and Bali, services are frequent and direct; many services are available without stopping until the final destination. In more remote areas, and among smaller cities, most services are provided with minibuses or minivans (transport). Buses and vans are also a major form of transportation within the city. Often, it is operated as a shared taxi, running a semi-fixed route.
Many cities and towns have some form of transportation to rent available as well as taxis. There are also bus services of various types such as the more sophisticated Transjakarta buses and buses in Jakarta, the world's longest bus rapid transit (BRT) system with 230.9 kilometers (143.5 miles) across 13 corridors and 10 cross routes -corridors and carrying 430,000 passengers daily by 2016. Many cities also have motorized autorickshaw (bajaj ) of various types. The becak cycle, called pedicab in Indonesia, is a common sight in city streets and provides cheap transportation. They have been blamed for causing traffic congestion and, consequently, were banned from most parts of Jakarta in 1972. Horse-drawn carriages were found in several towns and cities.
Due to the increasing purchasing power of Indonesians, private cars are becoming more common especially in big cities. But the growth in the number of cars is increasingly surpassing the construction of new roads, resulting in frequent crippling of traffic congestion in most of the major cities especially in Jakarta, which often also occurs on the highways. Jakarta also has one of the worst traffic congestion in the world.
Indonesia has approximately 283,102 kilometers (175,911 mi) of asphalt roads and 213,505 kilometers (132,666Ã, mi) of unpaved highways (As 2011 estimates). The AH2 motorway is one of the main highways in Indonesia. The other is AH25 in Sumatra. Indonesia has several highways, some of which are National Routes (25, currently only in Java and (partly) Sumatra, and some of them are highways. All toll roads are loaded (toll roads). The first toll road in Indonesia was Jagorawi Toll Road, opened in 1978. The construction of toll roads has been accelerated under President Joko Widodo, with 568 kilometers (353 mi) of toll roads opened during his tenure, more than his previous president. The most expensive is the Cipularang Toll Road connecting Jakarta and Bandung through Cikampek and Purwakarta.
Indonesia has also been gradually introducing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) since 2012. ITS Indonesia was formed on April 26, 2011.
National route
Highway
Java
- View List of roads and highways in Java
- View Trans-Java toll road
Sumatra
- Belawan-Medan-Tanjung Morawa Toll Road ( Belmera Toll Road )
Planned:
- Medan-Kuala Namu-Tebing Tinggi International Airport, 80 percent of the land needed for toll road construction is owned by an easily acquired state plantation, whether the remaining 20 percent is owned by the local population. which is difficult to take over due to unreasonably high prices.
- Medan-Binjai Toll Road
- Pekanbaru-Kandis-Duri-Dumai Toll Road
- Palembang-Indralaya Toll Road
- Tegineneng-Swipe Toll Road Sulawesi
- Makassar International Airport-Sultan Hasanuddin Toll Road
- Makassar Part 1,2,3,4 Toll Road
- Manado-Bitung Toll Road
- Attack-Tanjung Benoa Toll Road
- Transportation in Jakarta
- Ministry of Transport
- Public transport
Planned:
Bali
The toll road between Tanjung Benoa to the Airport and from the Airport to Serangan, all direct lanes (not curves) is 12.7 kilometers and is also equipped with motorcycle lanes. The toll road is officially opened on September 23, 2013, about a week before the APEC Summit in Bali was opened.
Train
Most Indonesian railways are located in Java, used for passenger transport and freight transport. The train is operated by the Indonesian Railway. The intercity railway network in Java is equipped with local commuter train services in the metropolitan areas of Jakarta and in Surabaya. In Jakarta, the commuter train service (Commuter Train Indonesia) carries 885,000 passengers per day. In addition, the mass rapid transit system is being built in Jakarta, and the light rail transit system is currently being built in Jakarta and Palembang. There are three separate railway networks in Sumatra: one in Aceh and North Sumatra, one in West Sumatra, and the last in South Sumatra and Lampung. There are no railways in other parts of Indonesia, although new networks are being developed in Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The government plan to build a high speed rail (HSR) was announced in 2015, the first in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It is expected to connect Jakarta's capital city with Bandung, which covers a distance of about 140 kilometers (87 miles). The plan is also mentioned for possible expansion into Surabaya, the second largest city in the country.
Pipe Line
Crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)
Air transport
Air transport in Indonesia serves as an important means to connect thousands of islands throughout the archipelago. Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, extending 5,120 kilometers (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometers (1,094 mi) from north to south, consisting of 13,466 islands, with 922 of them permanently inhabited. With an estimated population of over 255 million people - making it the fourth most populated country in the world - and also because of the growth of the middle class, the low cost carrier boom in the last decade, and the overall economic growth, many domestic tourists shifted from land and sea transport to air travel. faster and more convenient. Indonesia is widely regarded as a growing market for air travel in the region. Between 2009 and 2014, the number of Indonesian air passengers increased from 27,421,235 to 94,504,086, an increase of more than threefold.
However, security issues continue to be an ongoing problem in Indonesian aviation. Some accidents have provided Indonesia's most unsafe air transportation system in the world. Indonesia's flight faces many challenges, including poorly outdated, outdated, and often overwhelmed infrastructure, human error factors, bad weather, fog problems caused by plantation fires, and volcanic ash spewed by volcanoes that disrupt air transport.
The Indonesian Air Force has 34,930 personnel equipped with 224 aircraft, of which 110 are fighter aircraft. The Indonesian Air Force owns and operates many military air bases and military airstrips throughout the archipelago.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimates that Indonesia will be the sixth largest air travel market in the world by 2034. Approximately 270 million passengers are expected to fly from and in Indonesia by 2034.
Airport
In 2013, there are 673 airports in Indonesia, 186 of which have an asphalt runway, and 487 have unpaved runways. In 2013, there are 76 helicopters in Indonesia. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Jakarta serves as the country's main air transport hub and the busiest country. Since 2010, this airport has become the busiest airport in Southeast Asia, surpassing Suvarnabhumi and Changi airports. In May 2014, the airport became the eighth busiest airport in the world with 62.1 million passengers.
Airlines
In Indonesia, there are 22 scheduled commercial airlines carrying more than 30 passengers, and 32 commercial scheduled airlines carrying 30 passengers or less, as well as chartered airlines. Several leading Indonesian airlines, among others, include Garuda Indonesia, Indonesia's state-owned airline, Lion Air, currently Indonesia's largest low-cost private airline, Sriwijaya Air, currently Indonesia's largest middle-income regional operator, is also the largest operator the third in the country, and Indonesia AirAsia, an Indonesian branch of AirAsia based in Malaysia.
See also
Note
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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