The Spanish-style bull , known as corrida de toros (literally "run from the bull"), tauromaquia or fiesta , is practiced in Spain, where it originates, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, as well as in parts of Southern France and Portugal. In traditional corrida , three toreros, are also called matadores or, in French, torÃÆ' Â © adors , each two bouts of a total of six bulls, each aged at least four years and weighing about 600 kg (1,300 pounds) (with a minimum weight limit of 460 kg (1,010 pounds) for the bullrings of the first degree). The bull season in Spain runs from March to October.
Video Spanish-style bullfighting
History
It is said that fighting with bulls was important in ancient times when sacrificing oxen to gods. According to the Frommer Travel Guides, bullfighting in Spain traces its origins to 711 A.D., with human fights fighting the first official beat, or "corrida de toros," held in honor of the coronation of King Alfonso VIII. After part of the Roman Empire, Spain owes the bullfighting tradition in part to the gladiator game. At first, bullfighting was done on horseback and reserved for the Spanish aristocracy, but King Felipe V ended this trend because he believed it was in bad taste for the nobility to practice such bloody sports. Ordinary people continue to develop human fights against the bulls with smaller weapons. The art of dodging and piercing the bull grew into its present form around 1724, and today's matadors still cling to the strict traditional rules of conduct. The oldest pirate in Spain is located in the southern city of Ronda, but cities like Madrid, Seville and Pamplona also have a rich bullfighting legacy and some of the world's largest rings.
Maps Spanish-style bullfighting
Participants
Each matador has six assistants - two picadores ("lancers") mounted on horses, three banderilleros ("flagmen"), and a mozo de espada ("waitress of the sword"). Collectively they form a cuadrilla or team of bull fighters. The crew also includes a ayuda (auxiliary servant of the sword) and subalternos (subordinates) including at least two peones (page, single peÃÆ'³n ).
Part of bullfighting
The modern corrida is very ritual, with three distinct parts or tersios , the beginning of each of which is announced by the sound of a trumpet. The first participant enters the arena in a march or
paseÃÆ'llo to salute the honorable leader; presidente , accompanied by band music. The corrida starts with a live Pasodobles song, many of which are structured in honor of the famous toreros . The ritual dictates the behavior. For example, the oldest matador goes to the far left, while the newest one will be placed in the center. If a new matador is in the square, he will do paseÃÆ'llo without his hat. Torero costume inspired by the 18th century Andalusian outfit. Matadores is easily distinguished from the spectacular and quite expensive "light suit", which is custom made and embroidered with silver or gold threads.
Next, the bull enters the ring for malignant testing by matador and banderilleros with magenta and gold capote , or dress robe. Bulls were raised in the open range by a special breeder called ganaderÃÆ'as . The bull enters the arena with a rosette on his back carrying the real color of his origin.
Stage 1 - Tercio de Varas
In the first stage, terio de varas ("part of the spear"), matador observes how the bull charge as cape is motivated by banderilleros. He also notes vision problems, unusual head movements, or if the bull likes a part of a ring called querencia , or territory. A bull that tries to reach its querencia is often more dangerous than a bull that strikes the cape directly. The initial attack by the matador is called the captain de capote ("cloak action"), and there are a number of fundamental or passing "lance" made by the matador; the most common is verÃÆ'³nica , which is the action a matador lets his robe trail over the head of a bull as it passes through it.
Subsequently, two picadores entered the arena, each armed with a spear or vara . Picadores mounted on large horses that are very soft and blinding. Bulls are encouraged to attack horses protected by padding and seem to treat the attacks patiently. The picador pierces the muscle mound ( morrillo ) in the bull's neck that leads to the first loss of the blood animal. This loss of blood further weakens the bull and makes it ready for the next stage. The layered protection for horses was mandated relatively recently in history and up to the 1930s the horses were gored and killed by a bull in the ring.
When the picador stabbed the top of the bull with a spear, the bull accused and tried to raise the pikador's horse with his neck muscles. This causes further weakening of the neck. If the picador does its job well, the bull will hold its head and horn lower during the following battle stages. This makes it a little less dangerous while allowing the matador to do the modern bullfighting trajectory.
This stage is a mandatory step in the corrida, and regulations require plaza judges to ensure that a number of hits are made before completion. In some rings, torero may request more or less shots to correct perceived defects.
Stage 2 - Tercio de Banderillas
In the next stage, terio de banderillas ("part of banderillas"), the three banderilleros each try to plant two spikes ( banderillas , literally "small flags" as they decorated with paper in local color) on the shoulders of the bull. This further weakens the massive neck and shoulder muscles (which break the bullfights of ordinary cattle) through blood loss, while also often spurring bulls to make more fierce accusations. At this point, the bull has lost a lot of blood and is exhausted. The matador then enters with his robe and his sword, tiring the bull further with some running on the headland.
Banderillas placement can be done by the matador. If the presidente decides that the bull is unusually weak or unwilling to fight, he may order the use of black banderillas, considered a disgrace to the breeder.
Stage 3 - Tercio de Muerte
In the final stages, terio de muerte ("part of death"), matador puts the ring alone with a small red robe or muleta in one hand and a sword in the other hand. The hood is stretched out with wooden spikes and, with the right hand sign, is also a sword.
After dedicating the bull to the individual or the entire audience, the matador uses his cloak to pull the bull in a series of trajectories, both showing control over it and risking his life by getting closer to him. The red color of the headland is a matter of tradition, because bulls are actually color-blind: they attack moving objects (the real reason that red robes are used is that blood stains on it will be less noticeable). There are different styles of pengoper, each with its own name. The base pass with muleta is "natural", traditionally meaning left-handed pass with muleta without the aid of a sword to support it.
The faena ("work") is the whole performance with muleta, which is usually broken into a series of "demolished" or "series". Typical signs may consist of three to five basic channels and then the final touch, or "remedial", such as "pase de pecho", or "pase de desprecio". Spectacular tickets are celebrated by spectators with cries of " Ã,¨¨ole! ". Faena ends with the last series of operands in which the matador with muleta tries to steer the bull into a stabbing position between the shoulder blade and through the aorta or heart. All parts of the bullfighting of the bull with muleta are called el terio de muerte ("third death") suerte de muleta ("muleta action").
The act of thrusting a sword ( estoca or estoque ) is referred to as estocada . An awkward estocada that fails to deliver "quick and clean death" will often lead to violent protests from the crowd and can damage the entire show. If the estocada is unsuccessful, the matador should then do descabello and cut the bone marrow of the bull with a second sword called verdugo , to kill him instantly and save the animal pain. Although the final blow of the matador is usually fatal, it may take a while to die. A coup de grà © à ¢ ce is therefore managed by a peer named puntillero, using a dagger to further penetrate the spinal cord. Matador had to kill the bull in 15 minutes after the first mulet had passed, at most. After 10 minutes, if the bull is still alive, the president will order aviso , a warning given with a trumpet sound. If three more minutes pass, the second aviso will be given; the third and last aviso is given after the next two minutes. The President will then issue an order for the bull to return to his pen ( cage ), or, if local law requires that the bull die outside the ring. Whatever it is, it is a disgrace for a failed matador.
The bull's body was dragged out by the mule team. If the president was impressed by the performance of the bull, he ordered a tour around the ring in honor of the animal. Rarely, a bull will be allowed to survive a fight as a pleasure given in recognition of a remarkable performance. The audience will demand an indulto from the presidente, waving a handkerchief before the estocada. The matador will stop and look at the president. If he stood still, he would continue his action and kill the bull. But if he has an orange handkerchief hanging on his balcony, the matador will mimic an estocada with a banderilla or with his palm and the bull will be "liberated". Such bulls generally retire from competition and grow up as buttons, because their experience in the ring makes them a very dangerous opponent. A bull is never used in the ring twice, because they learn from experience, and the whole strategy of matador is based on the assumption that bull has not learned from previous experience. It also broke the bulls that had been run on their plantations by illegal warriors ( maletillas ), who in ancient times would sneak into plantations at night to train their skills.
A trofeo (trophy) is a common indicator of a successful phenomenon. When the record of bullfights is kept, trofeos accepted by the matador is always mentioned. If the crowd demands, the matador is allowed to take one lap of victory around the ring. If at least half of the audience petitioned the presidente by waving a handkerchief, the president should reward the matador with a bull ear. To reward the matador with another ear or with two ears and tail ( los mÃÆ'¡ximos trofeos ) depends solely on the president's appreciation. The matador who won at least two ears was given permission to do on the shoulders of the admirers ( salida en hombros ). In some areas, like Sevilla, three matadors take two cows each, and salida en hombros is available only to a matador who won a total of three trofeos between the two mats. bulls. In general, a matador who faces a liberated bull is usually given the los mÃÆ'¡ximos trofeos , though only symbolically; the ears or tail can only be cut physically from a dead bull.
Dangers
Bullfights are usually fatal to the bull, and dangerous to the matador. Picadors and banderilleros are sometimes headlong, but this is not common. Presence with capote is risky, but faena, especially estocada, is the most dangerous. A classical (Manolete) classic matador is trained to divert a bull with muleta but to approach the right horn as it makes the fatal sword thrust between the scapula and through the aorta. At the moment, the danger to the matador is the greatest.
Most matadors have been gored many times. Special types of surgeons have been developed, in Spain and elsewhere, for treating cornadas , or horn wounds. This battle usually has a health room with an operating room, which is provided for the immediate care of the matador with the cornadas.
Bullring has a chapel where a matador can pray in front of the corrida and where a priest can be found in the case of the emergency sacrament of extreme surrender (also known as the Anointing of the Last Pain or Ritual) is required.
Popularity
The poll conducted in 2014-2015 by the Spanish Ministry of Culture puts the 10th bullfight in the list of most popular paid recreational activities. 9.5% of Spaniards go to human fights against pay in 2015. By Autonomy Society, Navarre heads the list, followed by Castile-Leon, Aragon, La Rioja, Castile-La Mancha and Extremadura. Areas least interested in bullfighting are Galician, Canary Islands, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. According to the poll, during the period 2014-15 9.5% of potential viewers (15 and older Spanish) will attend at least once corrida ; this number reaches more than 3.5 million people.
The anti-bullring movement
Activism against bullfights has existed in Spain since the early nineteenth century, when a group of intellectuals, associated with the '98 Generation, embarked on a double crusade against the popularity of bullring and Flamenco, dismissed them as "non-" "elements of Spanish culture Europe is to blame for the social and economic backwardness of the country.Recently, bullfights have been under increasing attacks from animal rights activists.Maybe more significant, the separatist and nationalist sentiments in Catalonia have played a key role in the broad prohibition of territories from a practice closely related to the Spanish national identity Galera and Basque nationalism has also expressed abolitionist attitudes on the basis of identity politics, although in the latter case it has been somewhat debated by the bullfighting puzzle at the heart of the San Fermin festival in Pamplona. animals may be the main drivers of human anti-fights m bull elegants outside of Spain despite the rejection of Criollo's traditionalism and elitism may also play a role in Latin America, explaining why such activism is so closely related to left or left-far positions in Mexico, Ecuador and Colombia.
Animal rights activists claim the bullfight is a cruel or barbaric blood sport, in which the bulls suffer from severe stress and a slow and torturous death. A number of animal rights groups or animal welfare activists such as Antitauromaquia and StopOurShame carry out anti-bullfighting actions in Spain and other countries.
Others, such as writer Alexander Fiske-Harrison who trained as a matador to research a book on the subject, have stated that there are circumstances that lighten this up: "In terms of animal welfare, bull fighting lives four to six years while live beef 1- 2. There is more, not just living in the sense that it exists, it lives full and natural. Those years are spent free, wandering in dehesa, a lightly wooded, pristine meadow that is an ancient Spanish ancient forest.It is a rural idyll, albeit with additional modern animal care complete and the absence of predators big enough to threaten the evolutionary answer to the main battle tanks. "Other arguments include stating that the deaths of animals in slaughterhouses are often much worse than deaths in the ring, and that both types of animals die for entertainment because humans do not need to consume meat, eat it instead of flavors (bulls) enter the food chain after a split ian man against the bull).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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