Shangri-La is the fictional place described in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by the English author James Hilton. Hilton describes Shangri-La as a mystical and harmonious valley, gently guided from a sanctuary, surrounded on the western tip of the Kunlun Mountains. Shangri-La has become synonymous with the earthly paradise, especially the mythical Himalayan utopia - the land that is forever happy, isolated from the world. In this novel, people living in Shangri-La are almost immortal, living hundreds of years beyond normal life and only very slowly in appearance. The name also evokes the image of eastern exoticism.
In ancient Tibetan scripture, the existence of such seven places is called Nghe-Beyul Khembalung . Khembalung is one of several beyuls (a hidden land similar to the Shangri-La) believed to have been created by Padmasambhava in the 9th century as a sacred and sacred sacred sanctuary for Buddhists during the dispute ( Reinhard, 1978). ).
Video Shangri-La
Etymology
The phrase "Shangri-La" is most likely derived from the Tibetan language ??? , "Shang" - a district ÃÆ'Ã… "-Tsang, north of Tashilhunpo" ?? , pronounced "ri", "Mountain" = "Shang Mountain" ? , Mountain Pass, that the area is accessed, or named by, "Shang Mountain Pass".
While the name Shangri-La is a relatively new origin, a concept that previously existed.
- Some scholars believe that the Shangri-La story owes its debt to Shambhala, a mystical kingdom in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, sought by Eastern and Western explorers.
- Jewish sources describe a city called Luz, "where the angel of death does not have permission to enter: the people have the ability to live forever." The same description is given for a location named Kushta based on the Aramaic word for truth. In this city, the only reason for death is if one says untruth.
Maps Shangri-La
Locations
Academic scholars have disputed the myth of Shangri-La and argued that it was less related to unexplored places and more related to Western fantasy.
Ancient sources with similar description
In China, the Tao Yuanming poet of the Jin Dynasty (265-420 BC) describes a kind of Shangri-La in his work The Tale of the Peach Blossom Spring (Chinese: ???? ; pinyin: TÃÆ'¡ohu? YuÃÆ'¡n JÃÆ'¬ ). According to the story, there is a fisherman from Wuling, who finds a beautiful peach tree grove, and he finds happy and contented people who live completely disconnected from problems in the outside world since the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC).
Shambhala is a core concept in Tibetan Buddhism that describes the realm of harmony between man and nature that is also connected with Kalachakra or "wheel of time". The ideal Shambhala is described in detail in the Shambhala Sutra, a historical text written by the Sixth Panchen Lama (1737-1780) depicting several Shambhala locations located in Ngari, the western prefecture of Tibet.
The folklore of the Altai Mountains depicts Mount Belukha as the gateway to Shambhala. The Kun Lun (???) mountains offer another possible place for valleys such as the Shangri-La, since Hilton specifically describes the "Kuen-Lun" mountains as the likely location in the book, but Hilton is not known to have visited or studied the area. Part of Kun Lun is located inside Ngari, mentioned in the Shambhala Sutra.
Possible source for Hilton
In a New York Times interview in 1936, Hilton declared that he used "Tibetan material" from the British Museum, especially the journey of two French priests, Evariste Regis Huc and Joseph Gabet, to provide Tibetan culture. and Buddha's spiritual inspiration to Shangri-La. Huc and Gabet traveled back and forth between Beijing and Lhasa in 1844-1846 with a route of more than 250 kilometers (160 miles) north of Yunnan. Their famous travel records, first published in French in 1850, through many editions in many languages. A popular "condensed translation" was published in England in 1928, at which time Hilton would collect inspiration for - or possibly write - Lost Horizon .
Current claimer
Today various places claim titles, such as the southern part of Kham in northwestern Yunnan province, including Lijiang and Zhongdian tourist destinations. In modern China, the Zhongdian region is named Xi? NggÃÆ'Ã… © l? L? (????, Shangri-La in Chinese) in 2001, to attract tourists.
Hilton visited the Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan, near the Chinese border, a few years before Lost Horizon was published; therefore, it is a popularly believed inspiration for Hilton's physical description of Shangri-La. Being an isolated green valley surrounded by mountains, enclosed at the western end of the Himalayas, it fits perfectly with the description in the novel; also, in an ironic reversal of the story, because of the increased exposure of ultraviolet radiation, the inhabitants of the valley's height seem to be aging rapidly. However, since the Hunza Valley lacks Tibetan culture and lacks Buddhism, it can not be an inspiration to the cultural context for the Hilton story.
Places like Sichuan and Tibet also claim that the real Shangri-La is in its territory. In 2001, the Tibet Autonomous Region proposed that the three regions optimize all Shangri-La tourism resources and promote them as one. After failed attempts to establish the Shangri-la China Ecological Tourism Zone in 2002 and 2003, representatives of the Sichuan and Yunnan provincial governments and the Tibet Autonomous Region signed a declaration of cooperation in 2004. Also in 2001, the Zhongdian District in northwest Yunnan officially changed own name Shangri-La County.
Recent searches and documentaries
American explorers Ted Vaill and Peter Klika visited the Muli region in southern Sichuan Province in 1999, claiming that the Muli monastery in this remote area was a model for Shangri-La's James Hilton work, which they think Hilton learned from an article in this area in several articles the National Geographic magazine in the late 1920s and early 1930s written by Austrian-American explorer Joseph Rock. Vaill completed a film based on their research, "Finding Shangri-La", which debuted at the Cannes Film Festival in 2007. However, Michael McRae found an obscure James Hilton interview from the gossip column of the New York Times where it reveals its cultural inspiration to Shangri-La and, if it is a place, it's more than 250 km north of Muli on the route passed by Huc and Gabet.
Between 2002-2004 a series of expeditions led by writer and filmmaker Laurence Brahm in western China determined that the location of the Shangri-La myth in Hilton's book Lost Horizon was based on a reference to the northern Yunnan Province of the article published by National Geographic's first explorer, Joseph Rock.
On December 2, 2010, the OPB broadcasted one of Martin Yan's episodes in China, "Life in Shangri-La", where Yan said that "Shangri-La" is the real name of a real town in a hilly and mountainous area in the northwest Yunnan Province, frequented by Han and Tibetans. Martin Yan visits art and craft shops, local farmers as they harvest their crops, and taste their cuisine.
Television presenter and historian Michael Wood, in the episode of the "Shangri-La" BBC documentary series In Search of Myths and Heroes , shows that the legendary Shangri-La is the city left by Tsaparang in Satluj over the valley, and that two the great temple was once home to Guge kings in modern Tibet.
In popular culture
There are a number of cultural uses of the Shangri-La idea that has evolved since 1933 behind novels and films made from it.
In astronomy
In 2006, the International Astronomical Union gave the equatorial, dark, lowland moons of Saturn, Titan, the name Shangri-La.
Gardens and resorts
- In 1937, Lutcher Stark, a Texas philanthropist, began building his own Shangri-La in Orange, Texas. The Shangri-La is an azalea garden located beside the cypress-tupelo swamps. In 1950, thousands of people traveled to Orange to visit Shangri-La, and many magazines published the photos. In 1958, a huge snowstorm struck eastern Texas, destroying thousands of azaleas and covering the park for 40 years. The gardens have recently been renovated and are now open to the public once again.
- Entrepreneur Harold Nixon Porter set up a nature reserve called Shangri-La in Betty Bay in South Africa in 1955. The name was changed to Harold Porter National Botanical Garden when the reserve was inherited to the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa in 1959.
- In 1983, a tourist resort built on the shores of Lake Kachura in Skardu, northern Pakistan, is based on the notion of a Hilton novel. The resort is named Shangrila Resort. Today, the lake itself is also known as Lake Shangrila.
In the movie
- California Ojai Valley is the location for the Frank Capra film Lost Horizon (1937). The outer scenes of the thrilling villagers of Shangri-La and Ronald Colman and Jane Wyatt were actually filmed near Sherwood Forest (Westlake Village) and Palm Springs. The outside of a large yard was built and then dismantled at the Columbia Farm in Burbank, California. However, according to film historian Kendall Miller in a photodocumentary bonus feature on the DVD Lost Horizon, the Ojai Valley air shot taken from the view on Highway 150 is used to represent the Shangri-La valley.
- Released in 1973, in the film of the same name, Lost Horizon (1973), starring Peter Finch, Luv Ullman, Sir John Gielgud, Michael York, Charles Boyer.
- In Movie Sky Captain and World of Tomorrow after fainting by a large number of dynamite, Joe Sullivan (Jude Law), Polly Perkins (Gwyneth Paltrow) and Kaji (Omid Djalili) wake up at Shangri-La and were given new clothes by the Tibetan-speaking monks because their monks had to be burned by radiation.
On television
Shangri-La as part of the plot
- Season 7, Episode 20 of Boys Meet the World : "As Time goes By"
- Season 10, Episode 1 of Hallmark Hall of Fame : "Shangri-La"
In the literature
Eiichi Ikegami wrote a novel entitled Shangri-La (2005); the anime adaptation of the novel was released in 2008.
In game
Uncharted 2 is about Nathan Drake finding Shambhala/Shangri-La
Usage
Shangri-La is often used in contexts similar to "Garden of Eden," to represent the hidden paradise of modern man. It is sometimes used as an analogy for lifelong searches or something elusive that is sought after. For a man who spends his life obsessively searching for cures for illness, such a drug can be said to be the man's "Shangri-La". It can also be used to represent the perfection that humans seek in the form of love, happiness, or utopian ideals. It can be used in this context along with other mythical and famous examples of similar metaphors such as El Dorado, The Fountain of Youth, and The Holy Grail.
See also
References
Quote
Source
- Allen, Charles. (1999). Search for Shangri-La: Trips into Tibetan History . Little, Brown and Company (UK). ISBNÃ, 0-316-64810-8. Reprinted by Abacus, London. 2000. ISBNÃ, 0-349-11142-1.
- Reinhard, Johan (1978) Khembalung: The Hidden Valley. Kailash, A Journal of Himalayan Studies 6 (1): 5-35, Kathmandu.
- Wood, Michael (2005) "Michael Wood: In the quest of Myth and Hero: Shangri-La" PBS Educational Broadcasting Company
- Mother Love Bone single "This is the Shangri-La" from the debut album "Apple" (1990)
External links
- www.LostHorizon.org - information about Shangri-Las's books, movies, and real life
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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