Polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone , is a water-soluble polymer made of monomer N -vinylpyrrolidone:
Video Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Usage
Medical
PVP is used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.
It is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it just passes through the body when taken orally. (However, an autopsy has found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance users who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone in the lung are unknown.)
PVP is added to iodine to form a complex called povidone-iodine that has disinfectant properties. The complex is used in various products such as solutions, ointments, pessariums, liquid soaps, and surgical scrubs. This is known by the trade names Pyodine (TM) and Betadine (TM), among a large number of others.
It is used in pleurodesis (pleural fusion due to unremitting pleural effusion). For this purpose, povidone iodine is as effective and safe as powder, and may be preferred because of its easy availability and low cost.
PVP is used in some contact lenses and/or packaging solutions. It reduces friction, so it acts as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Examples of these uses include Bausch & amp; Lambert â„¢ â„¢ contact lens with contact lens packaging solution MoistureSeal Technology (TM) and Air Optix (TM) (as a material called "copolymer 845").
PVP/Povidone is used as a lubricant in a few eye drops, eg. Bausch & amp; Lomb's Soothe.
Technical
PVP is also used in many technical applications:
- as a glue in glue stick and hot melt adhesive
- as special additives for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, ink, and inkjet paper, and in the process of chemical-mechanical planarization
- as emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization
- to increase the resolution of photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)
- in aqueous metal quenching
- for membrane production, such as dialysis and water purification filter
- as a binder and complexity in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating
- as a thickening agent in a teeth whitening gel
- as an aid to increase drug solubility in the form of liquid and semi-liquid preparations (syrup, soft gelatin capsules) and as recrystallization inhibitors
- as an additive for Doro RNA extraction buffer
- as a liquid phase dispersion enhancement agent in DOSY NMR
- as surfactant, reductor, form control agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and assembly itself
Other uses
PVP binds polar molecules very well, because of their polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo quality and transparency ink-jet paper, as well as ink for inkjet printers.
PVP is also used in personal care products, such as shampoo and toothpaste, paints, and adhesives that must be dampened, such as old-fashioned stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and steel cooling solutions. PVP is the basis of the earliest formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some.
As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer and has the number E E1201 . PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202 . It is also used in the wine industry as a fine agent for white wine or some beer. Another reference states that polyvinyl pyrrolidone and its derivatives are entirely derived from the synthetic origin of the mineral. Therefore, its use in production should not be a problem for vegans.
In molecular biology, PVP can be used as an inhibiting agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of the Denhardt buffer. It is also very good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can disable proteins if they are not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions such as PCR.
In microscopy, PVP is useful for making aqueous mounting media.
PVP can be used for screening for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study of the effects of plant extract on insulin production.
Maps Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Security
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these chemicals for many uses, and is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, especially regarding the use of subcutaneous (applied under the skin) and situations where PVP has been in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluid) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy who had an anaphylactic response after the application of PVP-Iodine for the treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP component of the solution. A woman, who previously had urticaria (rashes) of various hair products, was later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after the povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP. In other cases, a man who experienced anaphylaxis after taking oral acetaminophen tablets was found to be allergic to PVP.
Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although test results in some patients show no signs of allergy to suspected chemicals. Allergies associated with these other chemicals may be caused by PVP instead.
Properties
Water-soluble PVP and other polar solvents. For example, soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents such as deep eutectic solvents formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). When dry it is a light-flushing hydroscopic powder, easily absorbs up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and is ready to form films. This makes it nice as a coating or additive for coatings.
A study of 2014 found the fluorescent properties of PVP and oxidized hydrolyzate.
History
PVP was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and patents were filed in 1939 for one of the most interesting chemical derivatives of acetylene. PVP was originally used as a substitute for blood plasma and later in various applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and industrial production..
Cross-linked descend
See also
- 2-Pyrrolidone
- Peter DeMarco
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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