Metabolic mouth is severe tooth decay and tooth loss, and tooth fracture, acid erosion, and other mouth problems, potentially symptomatic of excessive use of methamphetamine. This condition is thought to be caused by a combination of drug side effects (clenching and grinding of teeth, dry mouth) and lifestyle factors (rare oral hygiene, frequent consumption of sugary drinks, and neglect of dental cleansing and routine preventive care), which may be present to the user long-term. However, the validity of meth mouth as a unique condition has been questioned because of the same effect of some other drugs on the teeth. Painful mouth pictures are often used in anti-drug campaigns.
This condition is difficult to treat, and may involve filling, fluoride to fight tooth decay and drugs that increase saliva for dry mouth, as well as oral hygiene instructions. Medically harmful to active methamphetamine users because of heart problems that can occur due to local anesthetic interactions with the drug.
Video Meth mouth
Signs and symptoms
Methamphetamine (meth), an addictive drug that reduces fatigue and produces euphoria, can have negative health effects that include serious dental problems. In 2012, this is the most widely discussed illegal drug in tooth literature. The most important effect of long-term use of methamphetamine in dental health is the development of caries (tooth decay); some drug users' gears appear dark and in the process of disintegration. Caries often occur in the cervical area of ​​the tooth, where the tooth surface narrows at the junction of the crown and the root. Usually found on the buccal side (cheek) of the teeth and on tooth surfaces adjacent to the incisors and canines; Finally, the area of ​​the coronal tooth, near the crown, may be affected by decay and erosion. Dental caries often develops slowly, perhaps because their progress is hindered by intermittent hygienic practices. Decay can cause tooth fractures and severe pain. In some cases, the tooth is permanently damaged and must be removed. Along with malnutrition and weight loss, dental effects of methamphetamine use contribute to the appearance of premature aging seen in some users. The effects of meth mouth are similar to SjÃÆ'¶gren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that causes lack of saliva, which causes tooth decay.
Methamphetamine users sometimes experience pain in the joints of the teeth and friction teeth (wear teeth), due to bruxism (grinding teeth) caused by the drug. This bruxism can happen continuously. Chronic drug use may also cause trismus, inability to open the jaw. Long-term users often experience xerostomia (dry mouth).
Maps Meth mouth
Cause
The cause of the meth mouth hypothesis is a combination of MA side effects and lifestyle factors that may exist in the user:
- Dry mouth (xerostomia)
- Grind and grind your teeth (bruxism)
- Oral hygiene is rare
- Often consuming sugary and soft drinks
- The nature of methamphetamine
Dental effects of long-term methamphetamine use are often associated with their effect on saliva. Decreased saliva increases the likelihood of dental caries, enamel erosion, and periodontal disease. While it is clear that drug use decreases saliva, the mechanisms that make it unclear. One theory is that the drug causes vasoconstriction (constriction of blood vessels) in the salivary glands, decreasing salivary flow. This constriction is thought to be due to the activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors by both methamphetamine itself and norepinephrine, a rate that dramatically increases with the use of methamphetamine. These factors can be exacerbated by dehydration, which occurs in many users of methamphetamine after a metabolic increase triggered by the drug. Saliva characteristics generated during drug use, which include high protein content, may also contribute to dry mouth sensation.
Long-term use of methamphetamine can lead to parafunctional habits, routine actions of different body parts of their general use, which can lead to tooth decay and worsen periodontal disease. One of the habits that can affect the development of meth mouth is bruxism, mainly due to reduced drug effects and stereotypes occur, a phase often referred to as "tweaking". This bruxism may be caused by increased drug-induced monoamines. Another behavior of long-term methamphetamine users that can cause or accelerate meth-mouthing symptoms is failure to notice oral hygiene and excessive food intake during binges, especially sweet foods; Drug users often report a strong desire for sugar and consume large amounts of high sugar drinks. The altered mental state that accompanies the use of methamphetamine lasts longer than some other common medications, increasing the amount of time users engage in drug-induced behavior.
Hydrochloric acid is used in methamphetamine production processes, but academic reviews do not support the idea that acid contributes to tooth decay. Speculation that oral consumption of drugs causing tooth decay by increasing the acidity of the user's mouth is also not supported. The methyl mouth is generally the most severe to users who inject drugs, rather than those who smoke, swallow or inhale.
Treatment
Methane mouth is very difficult to treat unless the patient stops using methamphetamine; Continuous drug use makes changes in hygiene or nutritional practices impossible. Many drug users do not have access to dental care, and few are willing to participate in such acts, often due to poverty. Those who seek dental care often refuse to discuss their drug use. Providing dental care to individuals who use methamphetamine can also be dangerous, since a combination of potential local anesthetics and methamphetamine can lead to serious heart problems. There is also an increased risk of serious side effects if opioid drugs are used in patient care.
Meth mouth treatment usually tries to increase salivary flow, stop tooth decay, and encourage behavioral changes. Toothpaste with fluoride is essential for the restoration of dental health. Only prescribed fluoride medicines can treat this condition adequately. Sialogogues, drugs that increase the amount of saliva in the mouth, can be used to treat dry mouth and protect against dental problems. Pilocarpine and cevimeline are sialogogues approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat low saliva caused by Sjogren's syndrome and may have the potential to effectively treat dry mouth caused by methamphetamine use.
Oral hygiene education for long-term methamphetamine users is sometimes necessary. Changes in the diet are often necessary to restore drug users who receive dental care, and the use of sugar-free gum may be beneficial. Water consumption and avoidance of drinks with diuretic effects (dehydration) may also help patients with meth mouths.
Uncertainty
There has been no controlled study of methamphetamine, and some aspects are unclear. Although the conditions have been popularized by media coverage and case reports, there has been no systematic research done to conclusively bind methamphetamine use to the symptoms commonly described as meth mouths. There are several links between dental scholars and those who study drug use, and it can be difficult for dental researchers to find methamphetamine users to learn.
Whether the drug has a unique effect on dental health has been questioned by some academics, noting that long-term use of some other drugs sometimes causes dental problems. Some academic reviews contradict this perspective, which affirms the metong mouth's status as a condition of its own. To support its unique status, this review cites the difference between caries caused by methamphetamine and that occurs for other reasons, such as cocaine use, and the scope of tooth decay found in some long-term methamphetamine users.
Society and culture
Although most methamphetamine users lived in Asia in the early 2000s, drug use increased dramatically in other parts of the world within the decade. In areas where drug use has become common, meth mouths are often widespread. This condition is expensive to treat and tense public health resources, prompting concern among dentists in some countries about the burden of treatment.
The images from meth mouth are usually considered to be disruptive and have been used in anti-drug campaigns, even placed on board/billboards. This condition is often mentioned in media coverage of methamphetamine, and has been included in the depiction of drug abuse media to show the scope of drug effects or to cause disgust among the audience. Opponents argue that the term is used for stereotypes of negative methamphetamine users, and that it is vilified as inevitable or characteristic.
See also
- Meth face
References
Bibliography
Books
- Treadwell, Henry M.; Northbridge, Mary E.; Bethea, Traci N. (2007). "Building a Case for Mouth Health Care for Prisoners". In Greifinger, Robert B. Public Health Behind bars: From Prison to Community . New York: Springer Science Business Media. ISBNÃ, 978-0-387-71694-7 Ã,
- Karch, Steven B. (2008). Karch Drug Abuse Pathology (fourth edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN: 978-0-8493-7880-5.
- Littmann, Greg (2012). George Reish; David Koepsell; Robert Arp, eds. Breaking Bad and Philosophy . Open Court Publication. ISBN: 978-0-8126-9764-3.
- Weisheit, Ralph; White, William L. (2009). Methamphetamine: History, Pharmacology, and Treatment . City Center, Minn: Hazelden Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-59285-717-3.
Surat Kabar
- "The Tooth on Drugs". Herald Sun . 30 Juli 2007 . Diperoleh 12 September, 2012 .
- Billen, Andrew (10 Agustus 2009). "Louis Theroux: Kota Kecanduan Kristal Meth". The Times . Diperoleh 30 September, 2012 .
- Davey, Monica (11 Juni 2005). "Efek Grisly Satu Obat: 'Meth Mouth ' ". The New York Times . Diperoleh 6 Mei 2012 .
- Kinkead, Lucinda Dillon; Romboy, Dennis (12 Juni 2005). "Meth Mouth: Ugly Legacy of Drug sedang Memajak Penjara Utah, Penjara Anggaran Medis". Deseret News . Diperoleh 31 Agustus, 2012 .
- Naidoo, Yugendree (3 Agustus 2009). "Dokter Gigi Menghadapi Tik Toothache". West Cape News . Diperoleh 11 September, 2012 .
- Verini, James (1 Mei 2009). "Meth Mouth: Kampanye Anti-Kristal Brash Tom Siebel". Perusahaan Cepat . Diperoleh 28 Agustus, 2012 .
Tautan eksternal
- American Dental Association Ikhtisar Meth Mouth
- Galeri Gambar Meth Mouth di CBSNews.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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