Bintan Island or Lada Segantang State is an island in the Riau archipelago in Indonesia. It is part of the Riau Islands Province, the capital of Tanjung Pinang, located on the south of the island and is the main community of the island.
The total area of ​​Bintan is 1,173 square kilometers (453 m²) (total area of ​​60,057 square kilometers (23,188 m²) including 96% of sea area). The administrative region is designated as Bintan Island District, one of the six administrative regions in Riau Islands Province. Tanjung Pinang is an autonomous region within Bintan Island.
The history of Bintan is traced back to the beginning of the 3rd century. The island evolved as a trading post on the route between China and India, and for centuries it was under the control of China, England, and then Holland when it was declared part of the Dutch East Indies through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. In the 12th century, the island of Bintan in the Malacca Strait is known as the "Pirate Island" because the Malay pirates used to loot merchant ships that sailed in these waters.
Singapore, the nearest major city, is a 45-50 minute ride with motorized catamaran across the Singapore Strait from Bintan Resort area on the northwest of the island. The island has beaches with beachfront hotels and resorts; the most prominent of these beaches is Bintan Resorts established on an area of ​​300 hectares (740 hectares) of tropical environments. The Riau archipelago is directly opposite the resort across from the South China Sea. Indonesia promotes Bintan as the next best tourist destination after Bali.
Video Bintan Island
Histori
Due to the location and size of the strategic island of Bintan on the Indian-Chinese trade route, it has a rich history. Together with the local ethnic Malay and Bugis, the dominance by the Portuguese, the Dutch, the Arabs, and the British at different times has become part of the rich history of Bintan. Many local internal feuds between Malay and Bugis, and sea battles, with and among foreign invading forces, have become part of Bintan's history and its straits. From the mid-16th century, the Sultan of Johor-Riau kingdom has moved their kingdom between Johor, Riau, and Lingga.
Bintan's earliest history is related to the history of Nagoya Hills, which is inseparable to Batam, near the island of Bintan and other islands of the archipelago. The Chinese Chronicles mentions that Batam is inhabited by 231 AD when the island of Singapore is still called Ujung Island (Ujung Pulau). Bintan was under the control of the Malacca kingdom from the 13th century. Later, the Sultan of Johor came from here and his reign lasted until the 18th century.
The Riau Archipelago is the center of a larger Malay kingdom or sultanate, known as the 'Malay World', which has its control from eastern Sumatra to Kalimantan. For centuries, Riau was the home of Malays and Orang Laut. They have settled in Bintan. These two communities are the backbone of most of the Malay kingdom from the time of Srivijaya to the Sultanate of Johor. They have full control over trade routes through the strait. Migrants from China and Indo-China, though coming here later, settled in a large region of Asia. After the fall of Melaka in 1511, the Riau archipelago became the center of political power from the Sultanate of Johor or Johor - Riau, based on the island of Bintan. They are regarded as the center of Malay culture.
From the 12th to the 13th century, the Sriwijaya Sumatran Empire swayed on the island of Bintan. Sri Tri Buana, a member of the Royal Palembang family visited the Riau Islands in 1290. Ratu Bintan met with him and made a strategic alliance. They moved with a "fleet of 800 boats to Bintan" where Sri Tri Buana became king. However, Bintan and its strait gained a reputation as a pirate island because of the Malay pirates who confiscated many ships by forcing them to harbor to trade and or loot the cargo carried by them. Hundreds of Malay ships forced Chinese ships back from the Indian Ocean to their port in Bintan. Those who refuse to be attacked. A large number of Chinese ceramics are found in Bintan, some traced to the early Song Dynasty (960-1127). The Arab historian Ibn Battuta wrote on the islands of Riau in the 13th century declared: "Here are small islands, from which black pirates with arrows are ready to appear, have armed warships, they loot people but not enslave they." The log records of Chinese ships bear testimony of these incidents in the 12th century. Even after several centuries, Bintan is still referred by many people by the nickname "Pirate Island".
According to historical records, Sri Tri Bhuvana occupied Singapore and later declared himself the King of Singapore. Before that he changed the name Temasek, the island he occupied, as Singapore. Another controversial argument for naming Singapore is that the king sees an animal, which he considers a lion, and is therefore called Temasek as Singapore (Lion City). The royal government of Srivijaya lasted until the 16th century.
In 1521, the Portuguese hunting pepper, had the intention to build fortresses in the form of a fortress during their sea journey in the East, on the island of Sunda in Java after they received instructions from their King to destroy four fortresses in India, Sri Lanka and Sumatra. However, they initially failed to capture Bentan, the former defense fort of the Malaca Sultan in the southeastern Strait of Singapore and Aceh (the capital of the new Sultanate, which appeared in North Sumatra). At this time, they managed to build a fort at Pasai despite not succeeding in building fortress in Canton in China and suffered defeat in the hands of the Chinese. In 1524, Malays in Bintan attacked Malacca, which was under Portuguese control.
Bintan first became politically important when Sultan Mahmud of the fallen Malacca Sultanate fled to Bintan and created a resistance base there after Malacca was taken by Portuguese troops in 1511. The Portuguese finally destroyed the castle in 1526, and after several years the Sultanate erected the mother new town in the Malay Peninsula and thrive from there.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Sultanate of Johor entered into political turmoil and the capital returned to Bintan when the Bugis tribe controlled the Sultanate. In the hands of the Bugis, Bintan became a strong trading port, attracting regional, Western, Indian and Chinese merchants, as well as migrants, including China, in the same way as Malacca which developed into regional power three centuries earlier.
The strength of Europe wants to control the port, which has a thriving trade. During this period, the British, who controlled Penang, aggressively sought to extend their control south of the Strait of Malacca, as they wanted to resist the expansion of the Netherlands. They consider Bintan as a possible location. During this period the Dutch had defeated the rulers of Bintan and occupied the island at the end of the 18th century; this has ended the supremacy of local trade. This also resulted in checkmating British ambitions to occupy the area. However, the internal power struggle within the Riau-Johor Sultanate also took place. The British seized this opportunity and occupied the island of Singapore. With this, the importance of Bintan Island as a trading port also declined. A new cultural center developed on Penyengat Island and established as a stronghold of Malay and Islamic culture.
But history changed the fate of Riau as a political, cultural or economic center when European forces controlled regional trade routes by taking advantage of the political weaknesses in the Empire. The island of Singapore, which has for centuries become part of the larger Malay kingdom and sultanate, and under the direct control of the Sultan of Johor, is under British control. The creation of a European-controlled region in Johor-Riau divides the empire into two parts, destroying the cultural and political unity that has existed for centuries.
The Anglo-Dutch Agreement of 1824 consolidated this separation, with the British controlling all the northern regions of the Strait of Singapore and the Dutch dominating territory from Riau to Java. Until Indonesian independence in 1945, Bintan was under the control of the Dutch East Indies. However, the Riau Islands remain a fairly infinite region until recently. During World War II Japan had occupied the Malay world and Singapore was their headquarters. During this period, many Malay people including upper society must join the Imperial Army. After the war, from 1950 the archipelago was a duty-free zone until the Confrontation revolution in 1963. During this period, the British Malaya Straight dollar was the main currency. The visa-free movement of the people, who now exist, is now no longer common.
Maps Bintan Island
Geography and climate
Bintan, is the largest among 3,200 islands in the Riau Archipelago and is located 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) east of Batam Island. It has a coastline of 105 kilometers (65 mi) and has a rolling topography on its landform. The Riau Islands is a province of Indonesia, which includes the Riau Islands, the Natuna Islands, Anambas, and the Linga Islands; in July 2004 Riau islands were divided from existing Riau Province to form a new province with its capital in Tanjung Pinang. The Anambas and Natuna islands, which lie between Malaysia and Borneo, are now part of the province
In the city of Tanjung Pinang, low tide or low flat mud is built with stage and mosquitoes and rats full. On this mud, narrow piers or platforms were built at higher altitudes and Tanjung's old town was expanded with street labs and alleyways. Old dock by the name of Platform II flourishes as a fish market. It has a large population of Chinese people, whose presence is seen around three Buddhist Pagodas with 'Citiya Bodhi Sasana' overlooking the sea at the edge of the Platform II pier.
The Indonesian sea passage through the Bintan Strait has been considered very safe for small cargo shipping. The island has evolved over the centuries in two different zones, namely the southern and northern zones, which are clearly distinguished from the general lifestyle of the people who live there.
The highest hill on this island is the Great Bintan, which is 360 meters (1,180 ft) high and has dense forest cover. This is formed by the eruption of an old volcano. Peak peak can be achieved through the forest path and climbing takes about 3 hours. This peak provides panoramic views of Bintan. It is approached from a hamlet at the foot of the hill, known as Kampung Sekuning , which is 60 kilometers (37 mi) from Tanjung Pinang. Although larger than Batam, the population is small.
Several daily ferries run between Singapore's Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal to Bandar Bentan Telani Ferry Terminal in the northern part of the Island in Bintan resort and also at Ferry Terminal of Sri Bintan Pura in Tanjung Pinang, the provincial capital of Indonesia Riau Archipelago covering 45 kilometers (28 mi) about 45 minutes. The only domestic airport (no international flights) - Bintan Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport (IATA: TNJ, ICAO: WIDN).
Bintan is very close to the Equator. Therefore, the tropical climate is dominant throughout the year with two distinct seasons: the northeast monsoon from November to March and the dry southwest monsoon from June to October with annual precipitation incidence varying in the range of 2,500-3,000 millimeters (98-118 ). The island has an "insular character" with an average constant temperature at 26 Ã, Â ° C (79Ã, Â ° F). The reported temperature varies between 21 ° C (70 ° F) and 32 ° C (90 ° F). March to early November is a dry and quiet season with bright sunny days. The winter runs from late November to March.
Demographics
Although the island is large compared to other islands in the Riao archipelago, the island is sparsely populated. When the Dutch controlled the islands for a long time, their influence was clearly visible on the island. The population of Bintan Island is about 400,000 people, most of whom are Malay, Bugis, Tionghoa and Orang Laut. The observations made on the distribution of various ethnic groups in Bintan are that Indonesians have migrated in large numbers to the island and as a result of the Malay, the original settlers of the region, now a minority in the Riau Islands as a whole. This is attributed to the fact that the island is close to Malaysia and Singapore in particular and Indonesians flock to where to gain a foothold to go to Singapore. In the capital city of Tanjung Pinang, urban population has jumped from 98,871 in 1998 to 134,940 in 2004, and by 2014 has reached 226,716.
Economy and development
In 1824, the Treaty of London finally decided that the islands in southern Singapore were the Territory of the Netherlands. Bintan is back under Dutch control. The strength and central role of Bintan is lost with regional political change and the island's past wealth is now overshadowed by its neighbors Batam and Singapore. Once established by Britain in 1819, Singapore became a new regional trading center. Due to its limited size, Singapore started the Sijori Growth Triangle in 1980 and 1990, and signed an agreement with the Indonesian government to invest in Batam and Bintan.
Bintan Island's economy is centered on tourism, given its proximity to Singapore. In 1990, according to a Presidential Decree (July 25, 1990), a coordination team was formed for Riao Provincial Development with a mandate to plan and develop development projects within the framework of Indonesia-Singapore cooperation. The investment plan, similar to Batam, evolved with a basic intention to provide recreation space for Singaporeans on the white beaches of Bintan and this approach also conforms to the Indonesian Policy declaring the 1990s as "the decade of Indonesian Visit". In 1991, Bintan Management Resort to establish a resort with a view to developing resorts, industrial parks and water projects planned. In December 1994, the partial opening of Bintan Resort Development was agreed upon under a Memorandum of Understanding signed by trade ministers Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. As per the Master Plan prepared for Bintan, the emphasis is on tourism, industrial projects and agricultural products, all under private sector initiatives, involving the establishment of a consortium of Singapore Industrial Technology Company, Wah Chang International (whose specialty is resort development), Keppel and bank groups local banks. Thus, the once wild and empty island of Bintan has now become the "inland" industry for Singapore and a special investment zone for world industrial companies, also attracting thousands of workers from all over the country. The agreement of this industrial estate cooperates with Batamlndo Industrial Park. Bintan industrial park has been allocated 4,000 hectares (9,900 hectares) and is designed as a "one stop investment center" providing all the essential services for investment companies to devote exclusively to production. It targets industries such as textiles, garments and wood processing, unlike the Batam industrial area. It serves as a supplement to Singapore's economy by producing low-value items here.
Previously, Batam Industrial Park Singapore has signed an agreement with Indonesia to lease the north coast and develop it into a resort ("Bintan Resort") for Singapore. An area of ​​23,000 hectares (57,000 hectares) has been allocated for the project, which is further divided into 20-30 projects - 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) for hotels and resorts and sports facilities. Furthermore, Bintan Lagoon and Beach Resorts, designed specifically for wealthy travelers, has been planned with "two 18-hole championship golf courses with superlative accommodations". This resort area has an exclusive approach from Singapore that passes through the capital. It has modern facilities from museums, craft shops, artist villages and other ecotourism related attractions.
The agribusiness business planned under the Master Plan for Bintan envisages the maintenance of pigs for export to Singapore and seafood processing plants. Cultivation of grouper fish, Napoleon, snapper and bream are also planned on the island.
Under the industrial sector, the areas identified for development are bauxite mining (bauxite reserves of 15.88 million tons), kaolin, granite, white sand and tin. The Indonesian government has also planned the petroleum industry with a subsidiary of the plastic manufacturing industry in Bintan.
The Bintan Ecotourism Venture Project has been launched to generate better income for low-income families. The identified ecotourism destination is all within reachable range within 30 to 90 minutes from the starting point by car. Village handicrafts made from local plants pandanus are a popular attraction during ecotourism to villages in Bintan. Meanwhile, private operators successfully placed Bintan on the world map for Eco-tourism, with Nikoi and LooLa Adventure Resort being among the four highly respected WildAsia awardees in 2012 for "responsible and accountable tourism operators in Asia" which LooLa then followed. win. LooLa is one of three finalists in the "Tourism for tomorrow, community benefit" award from WTTC 2013. In 2016, the newly opened Cempedak cemented the island's aspirations as a hero of sustainability by winning the award for Sustainable Design in the HICAP 2017 Sustainable Hotel Awards.
Integrated resort management is highly dependent on the international tourism industry. Travel tours, as recorded until 2016, have been reported to increase and reach more than 600,000 just for the Bintan Resorts area.
Thus, a grand and ambitious economic development plan envisioned "10 golf courses, 20 hotels, 10 condominiums, three clusters of villages, a small town, several marine tourism attractions and eco-tourism" was launched in 1995 with a 20-year gestation period, according to Singapore's recreation industry analyst: "Bintan has a better prospect because of the people behind its development.They are the big names that have to maintain their reputation but there are some delays in Bintan Lagoi residential area development.
By 2016, more than 600,000 tourists visit Bintan Island and most of them come from Singapore, Korea and Japan. 75 percent of foreign tourists come by ferry from Singapore, while domestic tourists mainly come by plane to Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport which is opened 35 minutes from Bintan Resort, while Tanjung Pinang airport is 90 minutes.
Water resources
Bintan's water resources have been planned exclusively by identifying an area of ​​43,000 hectares (110,000 hectares) for purposes that also cover catchment of water sources and forest areas.
Infrastructure
To fulfill the major development program launched for Bintan island, the creation of modern infrastructure facilities began in 1991 alone with an investment of US $ 170 million. Since the island can only be approached by ferry, priority is given to developing the Ferry terminal at Bandar Bentan Telani. There are now three Ferry Terminals and two Sea Cargo Ports with a capacity of 10,000 to 12,000 tonnes of gross weight. Bintan now has an airport known as Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport. Garuda Indonesia has plans to build a new airport hub on the island as a pause for Jakarta, and to compete with Lion Air's new hub at Hang Nadim Airport in adjacent Batam. But one problem is that the region is saturated with airport capacity while rare land, such as Singapore Changi Airport and Senai Airport Johor Bahru are nearby.
Roads within the island also begin and the first stretch of 12.5 kilometers (7.8 miles), east western arterial road is completed (from 35 kilometers (22 miles) stretching is planned in the final stage). Branch roads are also built for land allocated for resort development. In each allocated area, resort agencies build their own internal road network. Drinking water facilities were also created by constructing a reservoir of 5 million liters and a 1.5 million liters service reservoir for supplies to a water treatment plant. From this factory, drinking water supply system has been made for all resort areas. Power supply is also ensured through power generation from 18 MW plant with capacity to be upgraded to 24 MW. In each resort area water and power supply connections to the resort are done by resort agents. The drinking water provided meets WHO standards. Waste treatment is done in all resorts through modular waste treatment plants. The recycled effluent is used for irrigation. Another important civil interest that was attended was solid waste disposal. Solid waste collected from the resort. Systematically disposed of on a centralized sanitary waste disposal site. There are 15 banks, 7 hotels, and 6 golf courses. The available Telecommunication Service facility is International Net Work.
Flora and fauna
Flora
In Bintan, primary forest cover is in a restricted area in the hills. There is extensive deforestation done mostly for gambier cultivation ( Uncaria gembieri ). The size of each gambier plantation is 30 hectares (74 hectares). To process gambir wood leaf is very important. This requirement is fulfilled by cutting a 30 hectare (74 hectare) forest of gambier plantations. With this amount of forest degradation, gambir processing can be maintained for 12 years only. Forests are not available for use for processing, and gambier production is stopped, while efforts continue to search for new stocks of firewood. Inevitable, Gambier is completely abandoned. In the 20th century, rubber plantations replaced gambir. Even rubber plantations are abandoned due to water logging problems. Now, in higher hilly areas, secondary forests have grown in areas where logging is unusual. The abandoned land is also now being utilized again. In the island's rainforests on the way to the top of Bintan Mountain, the vegetation now consists of 40 meters (130Ã,ft) tall dipterocarp trees (which bear two wings) and many other plants.
Fauna
Various species of marine animals and plants are found underwater. From squid to snails, from various fish to oysters - some marine species including turtles are found here. The dolphins are also visible. Variety and diversity of marine life is very interesting. The wildlife seen on this jungle trek are monkeys of silver leaves, sunbirds, eagles and kites.
- Sea turtles
Turtle in particular, is a special species of Indonesia and many islands, including Bintan; six species of the seven found in the world are recorded in Indonesia. Indonesian law protection law. no. 5 1990 re Conservation of Natural Resources and its Ecosystem; Government Regulation no. 7 1990 Species conservation Flora & amp; Fauna and international trade by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) provides protection to these species.
Bintan Island is one of the locations where tortoises are found in large numbers; in the 1950s, during the nesting season, at least 2 nests were found daily at the Bintan Resorts coastline. Now, the nest is not found as often as it used to be. The turtle, nest, egg, and eggshells have been recorded during patrol surveys conducted over a period of time, not only in Bintan but also on Pasir Pasan beach. On the coast of Bintan, hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata Chelonia mydas ) have been recorded. Department of Research and Development and Environment & amp; The Bintan Resort Health Division is encouraged by their patrol efforts and they believe that turtle nests will be protected in Bintan and also conserved in the local villages.
Historic place
In Bintan and close to its capital in Tanjung Pinang, there are a number of historical monuments associated with ancient history and modern developments. Its proximity to Singapore has resulted in the development of the beach as a popular resort with hotels and other equipment to attract tourists. Some of the famous sights are Penyengat, Tanjung Pinang city, Raja Ali Haji Monument, Colonial Tombs, Chinese Pagoda, Banyan Tree Temple, and many beaches and resorts. The Maritime Nature Culture is also part of the mangrove heritage of nature, many species of animals and birds as well as rich and exotic marine nature.
Stinger
Penyengat is a small historic island (about 2.5 square kilometers (0.97 sqm) in the area) located about 6 kilometers (3.7 million) off the coast of Tanjung Pinang, which is the religious, cultural and administrative center of the region at 19th century. the sultanate of Riao-Johor. The Sultan had moved to this place after Melaka was taken over by the Portuguese and he made it the capital of his kingdom, which was declining at that time. At the northeast end of the island many of the ancient Islamic relics are seen. Malay and Bugis, to achieve peace in the region, have cemented their relationship by building marriage bonds. Raja Ali Haji, who was a Bugis commander in Bintan and recognized as a hero of his people, married his daughter to Sultan Mahmud Shah of Malacca. The island was blessed with his daughter, King Hamidah. This Society builds peace between the Malays and the Bugis. After this, a grand mosque (see infobox) called the Great Mosque was built on the island (more than 170 years), which can be seen from Tanjung Pinang. A monument on the beach that commemorates Raja Ali Haji, who sacrificed his life for his people against the Dutch, is also seen on the beach. The Hakka and Indo-Malays are living here. Another historical fact is that in 1819 the Kesangat-based sultanate worked with Sir Stamford Raffles to surrender Singapore in exchange for the protection of the British Military.
- Sultan Riau Sultan Mosque
Sultan Riau Mosque built in 1818, is a very beautiful yellow mosque, also called the sulfur-colored mosque. It has lots of domes and towers. The unique feature of the mosque is that the mortar used is a special white-egg mortar as a cementing agent; eggs served to the Sultan by his people on the occasion of his marriage. The mosque has a 150-year-old rare hand written by the Koran in its Islamic library. Official dress code is observed to enter the mosque.
Tanjung Pinang
Tanjung Pinang is located in the southwestern part of the island of Bintan and is the capital and largest city in the Indonesian province of Riau Islands. It is a port city and a trade center with ethnic diversity and with traditional villages and temples. It has an area of ​​13,600 hectares (34,000 hectares) and is an autonomous region on Bintan Island. It is an inter island trade port in the Riau archipelago. Tanjung Pinang has ferry and speedboat connections to Batam, Singapore and Johor Bahru. This city is a backyard for Singaporeans to get away from the cleared city to enjoy the place of anarchy
, a little littering here, a touch of smoking in public places there and lots of shopping between the two. Prices for things like exotic fruits and assorted dried seaweeds are less than Singapore so some cheap hunts can be combined with the weekend again ".
In the central commercial district there is a small Chinese temple in the interior of the old town in Lorong Gambir II, called Cetiya Satya Dharma.
In the city of Tanjung Pinang, there is Dutch Colonial Cemetery (mostly in ruins), reflecting the life of seafarers (Europe) in the past. The city also has a museum at the crossroads of Jalan Cambodia with Jalan Bakar Batu. The museum features many eccentric historical artifacts, ceramics, kris and weapons. This is a culturally happening place with cultural centers for Malay music stage performances and dance festivals. The famous Buddhist temple is located outside the center of Tanjung Pinang in a small town called Senggarang. A royal palace and tomb, among them the tomb of Raja Ali Haji and also other noble tombs, is located here. The old ruler was the creator and author of the first Malay language grammar book, which is a rich heritage of the Riau sultanate. Another interesting vintage site is the village of "Old Stilt" (in the tidal areas of mud near the pier), known as "Tanjung Pinang Kampung ayer or Kampung Bugis".
- Raja Haji Fisabillah Monument
King Haji Fisabilillah died during Malaka's battle against the Dutch in 1784. The 28-meter monument was set up in his memory as a national hero of Bintan. He is the famous king of Malaya and has his palace ( castle ) on the Penyengat island, just off Tanjung Pinang. This monument is being considered for inclusion in the World Heritage site list which has "incredible universal value" for the world.
Candi Trees
The Banyan Tree Temple, a 100-year-old temple, is visited by local Chinese communities and Singaporeans. Located in the city of Senggarang. In addition to this temple, there are several Chinese Pagodas in Singgarang near the pier. One temple in ruins and three other temples, each about 100 years old, is located inside a courtyard overlooking the sea. The interior of these temples depicts colorful paintings and wood carvings. Chinese pastors from Singapore are seen around these temples offering prayers.
Beaches and resorts
The Trikora beach group is located east of Bintan and is numbered from 1 to 4 from south to north. The approach road from the capital is 45 kilometers (28 miles) to the northeast and passes through a town called Kangka Kawal and a beautiful fishing town called Teluk Kawal.
Bintan Resorts, located in the northern part of Bintan are separated between 1.17 Â ° N 104,30 Â E
Picture gallery
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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