Beijing National Stadium , officially National Stadium (Chinese: ????? ; pinyin: GuÃÆ'³ji? T? yÃÆ'¹ch? ng ; literally: "State Stadium"), also known as Bird's Nest ( ?? ; Ni? ochÃÆ'¡o ), is a stadium in Beijing. The stadium (BNS) is jointly designed by architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & amp; de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG led by chief architect Li Xinggang. The stadium is designed to be used throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games and will be used again at the 2022 Summer and Paralympic Games. Bird's Nest sometimes has several large temporary screens that are installed in the stadium.
Video Beijing National Stadium
History
Located at Olympic Green, the stadium cost US $ 428 million. This design is provided for the submission of the Swiss architectural firm Herzog & amp; de Meuron in April 2003 after the bidding process which included the last 13 submissions. The design, derived from Chinese ceramic studies, applies steel beams to hide support for open roofs; giving stadium the appearance of bird's nest. Leading Chinese artist Ai Weiwei is an artistic consultant on the project. The roof that can be opened is then removed from the design after inspiring the most recognizable aspects of the stadium. The ground was damaged on 24 December 2003 and the stadium officially opened on June 28, 2008. A shopping center and hotel is planned to be built to increase the use of the stadium, which has had difficulty attracting events, football and others, after the Olympics.
Offer
In 2001, before Beijing was awarded the game, the city entered into a bidding process to choose the best arena design. Some requirements including the ability to use post-Olympics, open roofs, and low maintenance costs, are required for each design. The incoming list is narrowed down to thirteen final designs. From the last thirteen, Li Xinggang from China Architecture Design and Research Group (CADG), said after he put the proposal model "nest" in the exhibition hall and saw his rival entries, he thought, "We will win this." This model is approved as a design top by a professional panel and then exhibited to the public. Again, it was chosen as the top design. The design of the "nest scheme" became official in April 2003.
Design
Beijing National Stadium (BNS) is a joint venture between architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron from Herzog & amp; de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG led by chief architect Li Xinggang. During their first meeting in 2003, in Basel, the group decided to do something that was not designed by Herzog and de Meuron. "China wants to have something new for this very important stadium," Li said. In an effort to design a "porous" stadium while also being a "collective building, a public ship", the team studied Chinese ceramics. This line of thinking leads the team to a "nest scheme". The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50 meters apart: a bowl of red concrete seats and an outer steel frame around it.
In an effort to hide steel support for the retractable roof, which is required in the bidding process, the team developed a "random-looking additional steel" to blend support throughout the stadium. Twenty-four trussed columns enclose an inner bowl, each weighing 1,000 tons. Despite the random appearance of the stadium, each half is almost symmetrical. After the collapse of the roof at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Beijing reviews all major projects. It was decided to remove the roof that could be opened, the original inspiration for the design "nest", as well as 9,000 seats of the design. Elimination of elements helps to bring the project under a reduced construction budget of $ 290 million, from the original $ 500 million. With the removal of a retractable roof, the building becomes light, which helps it stand for seismic activity; However, the top of the roof was changed to protect fans from the weather. Enerpac is awarded a contract to undertake the stage of lifting and lowering the stadium roof as part of the construction process. China National Electric Engineering Co. Ltd. CNEEC and China National Machinery Engineering Company raised and welded steel structures. Due to the outward appearance of the stadium, it was nicknamed "The Bird's Nest". This phrase was first used by Herzog & amp; de Meuron, although both still believe "there must be many ways to understand the building." Its use is Li's praise explains, "In China, bird's nests are very expensive, something you eat at special occasions."
Construction
The construction of the stadium took place in several different phases, the first phase involving the construction of concrete support structures on concrete foundations laid for construction sites. This was followed by a gradual installation of a curved steel frame surrounding a largely self-contained stadium. This gradual installation involves the interconnection of curved steel frame parts built in Shanghai and transported to Beijing for assembly and welding. The entire structure of the interconnected parts is welded together as the main means of interconnection used to assemble all surrounding nest structures. After removing the supporting columns used for the purpose of speeding up the installation of connected parts, the fully completed nesting structure was completed approximately 27cm to achieve full stability before interior design and stadium construction can be installed and completed.
Enhancement
The ground was damaged, at Olympic Green, for the Beijing National Stadium on 24 December 2003. At its peak, 17,000 construction workers worked at the stadium. A portrait of 143 migrant workers at the construction site is featured in the Workers' book (Gong Ren) by artist Helen Couchman. On January 1, 2008, The Times reported that 10 workers had died during construction; despite opposition from the Chinese government. However, in a story the following week, Reuters, with the support of the Chinese government, reported that only two workers had died. All 121,000 tons of steel are made in China. On May 14, 2008 grass field 7,811 square meters was laid in 24 hours. Field is a modular grass system by GreenTech ITM. Beijing National Stadium was officially opened at a ceremony on 28 June 2008.
Maps Beijing National Stadium
Features and events
The grandstands of the east and west of Beijing National Stadium are taller than the north and south tribunes, in order to improve sightlines. The 24-hour rain collector is located near the stadium; after the water is purified, used throughout and around the stadium. The pipes are placed beneath the surface of the play collecting heat in the winter to warm the stadium and cool in the summer to cool the stadium. The stadium design initially called for a capacity of 100,000 people; but 9,000 were omitted during the design simplification. A total of 91,000 new shaved when 11,000 temporary seats have been removed after the 2008 Olympics; bringing the stadium capacity to 80,000. The farthest seat is 460 feet (140 meters) from the center of the field. Temperature and airflow from each surface is optimized to improve ventilation.
Beijing National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics events and the 2008 Summer Olympics finals final from 8 to 24 August 2008. The stadium also hosts the opening and closing ceremonies and athletic events of the 2008 Summer Paralympic Games from 6 to 17 September 2008 Though designed to track & amp; Olympic field events, the stadium continues to host sporting events, such as football, afterwards. A shopping center and hotel, with rooms facing the field, are planned to help improve use after the Olympics. Li stated, "This will be the most important public space in Beijing."
Despite being ignored by Chinese media, design consultant Ai Weiwei has voiced anti-Olympic views and distance himself from the project, saying, "I have forgotten it, I reject all the demands to have a photo with him," and that it is part of " "which is not good.
Football
On its first anniversary, August 8, 2009, the stadium hosted the opera show Turandot and the final of Supercoppa Italiana (2009 Italian Super Cup), the traditional curtain opener for the Italian football league season. In August 2011, the Bird's Nest once again hosted Supercoppa Italiana, the second stadium in three years, and also in 2012.
Beijing Guo'an soccer club is scheduled to play at the stadium, but later retreat from their deal, citing the embarrassment of using more than 80,000 seats for a game that routinely attracts just over 10,000.
In July 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly football game between the Birmingham City Football League and Beijing Guoan team as part of a pre-season trip to Birmingham, the homeland of Carson Yeung club owner. Birmingham City recorded a 1-0 win in the game.
Arsenal and Manchester City play each other in the inaugural 'China Cup', the one-time match in Beijing played on July 27, 2012. Manchester City won the match with a score of 2-0.
The stadium is also used for the PR China international soccer national football matches during the 2018 World Cup qualifiers, but Team Dragon has not played a game since the opening of the stadium.
On July 25, 2016 Manchester City are scheduled to meet Manchester United as part of the 2016 International Champions Cup. But the game was canceled due to heavy rain over the field, poor field conditions due to mushrooms and relaid field with grass.
On July 22, 2017, Arsenal and Chelsea play against each other in a friendly match.
Other sports events
The stadium hosts the 2009 Champions of Champions racing carnival competition. In 2014 and 2015, the FIA ​​Formula E Championship motor racing series will host the Beijing ePrix at the Beijing Olympic Park.
On November 1, 2010, the IAAF announced that the 2015 World Championships in Athletics will take place at the Beijing National Stadium.
On July 29, 2017, the stadium hosted the Monster Jam and Speed ​​Energy Formula Off-Road contest, marking the first Chinese race for both racing series. Chinese racer Li Ya Tao is among the top ten riders in the Super Truck Stadium race.
On November 4, 2017, the stadium hosts the 2017 Legendary World Champions League Finals.
Concert
Jackie Chan was the first artist to hold a pop concert at the stadium on April 2, 2009.
American-Chinese pop star Leehom Wang holds his first solo pop concert at the stadium on April 14, 2012. Taiwanese band Mayday perform at the stadium for two nights from 29 to 30 April 2012. They are the first band to hold a two-day concert at the stadium. They returned to the stadium to hold three of their best-selling events in August 2016 and two shows from their Mayday Life Tour in August 2017.
Korean pop artist under S.M. Entertainment includes Kangta, BoA, TVXQ, Super Junior (Super Junior-M), Girls' Generation, SHINee, f (x), EXO, Zhang Liyin and Tasty performing at the stadium for the first time on October 19, 2013 as part of SMTown Live World Tour III.
In June 2014, DreamWorks' How to Train Your Spectacular Dragon opens in 4,000 theater seats built on land owned by Beijing National Stadium.
Contest
In the fourth quarter of 2017, the stadium is also open to local & amp; international contest events.
Post-Olympic legacy
On January 12, 2009, the owner of the venue announced the stadium plan to become a shopping and entertainment center. This plan, developed by Citic Group operators, is projected to take three to five years to achieve. The stadium will also continue to function as a tourist attraction, while organizing sports and entertainment events.
The National Stadium is intended to be a New China Monument, which is expected to be visited by millions of tourists and exhibited through various media representations.
Despite the lack of significant events, the stadium appears to be quite lucrative, attracting around 20,000 to 30,000 people per day at a 50 yuan admission price. In 2010 it was used as a snow playground. Place costs about $ 9 million to maintain per year.
The stadium is used for the final of the World Champions League of Legends 2017. This includes performances by Jay Chou.
The stadium is scheduled to be used for the opening ceremony and closing of the 2022 Winter Olympics. It will be the only stadium to host the opening ceremonies of the Summer and Winter Olympics as well as the Paralympics.
References
External links
- profile Beijing2008.cn
- Beijing National Stadium Official website (in simplified Chinese)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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