Alcohol in Indonesia refers to the alcohol industry, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related laws in Southeast Asian countries in Indonesia. Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country, but also a plural, democratic and secular country. These social and demographic conditions cause Islamic parties and pressure groups to encourage governments to limit alcohol consumption and trade, while the government carefully considers non-Muslim rights and approves adults to consume alcohol, and estimates possible prohibition effects alcohol to Indonesian tourism. and economy.
Currently, there is no alcohol ban imposed in Indonesia, except for Aceh. Since 2014, anyone who finds consuming alcohol or violating the code of moral conduct, whether residents or visitors to Aceh, can face between six and nine whips. Elsewhere in Indonesia, to pacify Islamic parties and pressure groups, the government agreed to impose light restriction measures on alcohol, which include high taxes and limited restrictions. Indonesia is one of the countries that impose high tax on imported alcoholic beverages; by 2015, import taxes on alcohol soared to 150%. Also in 2015, the Indonesian government banned the sale of alcohol from minimarkets and small shops, with the exception of Bali province, even though sales were allowed in supermarkets, restaurants, bars, clubs and hotels. However, in the more cosmopolitan cities of Indonesia such as Jakarta, Medan and Surabaya, as well as in tourism hotspots such as Bali, Yogyakarta and Batam, alcoholic beverages are available, but at a higher price, due to the high taxes imposed on alcoholic beverages.
In February 2016, the Indonesian Malt Beverage Producers Association (GIMMI) asked the House to draft a comprehensive regulation on the production and marketing chain of alcoholic beverages, not a total ban.
Video Alcohol in Indonesia
History and tradition
Since ancient times, local alcoholic beverages were developed by indigenous peoples in the archipelago. Some of the panels in the 9th century reliefs of Borobudur depict drinks sellers, stalls (small restaurants), and there are panels depicting buildings with people drinking (maybe alcoholic beverages), dancing and having fun, it seems describes a tavern or inn house. According to Chinese sources, Yingya Shenglan (the fifteenth century) Javanese in the Majapahit kingdom drank wine made from palm sugar called palm wine (tuak). However, in the 16th century Islam began to replace Hinduism and Buddhism as the main religion in Indonesia. Since then, as a Muslim majority country, Indonesian Muslims share Islamic dietary laws that prohibit alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, the local drinking alcohol culture persists, at least among the less religious members of the community and among non-Muslim communities. Certain Christian-dominated ethno-cultural regions are known for their affinity for the tradition of drinking alcohol; such as Batak, Toraja, Minahasa and Ambon.
Indonesia has its own traditional alcoholic beverage prepared by fermenting rice grains, gluten, palm sugar, and coconut. According to culinary expert William Wongso, the culture of drinking distilled alcohol has never been strong in Indonesia, with only a few areas developing it.
In the Batak community in North Sumatra, tuak (coconut liquor) is a mandatory drink in celebration and a tradition in the community. Batak tribe is mostly Protestant Christians, but some clans are Muslims. A traditional Batak bar serving tuak is called lapo tuak .
In the Toraja land of South Sulawesi, their version tuak - made from palm sap sap, is called ballo . In traditional Toraja ceremonies, rituals and celebrations, ballo are always presented, both as a prerequisite for ritual; as an offering to the ancestral spirits, as well as drinks for guests. Ballo is also commonly consumed by neighboring Bugis ethnic groups.
In the Minahasa region of North Sulawesi, almost identical palm liquor, also made from palm sugar, is called saguer . In Nusa Tenggara and Maluku Islands people also drink wine, known as sopi .
Also in the Minahasa area, people drink high alcoholic beverages called rat stamp (lit. "Rodent brand"). Cap mouse is made from saguer or sopi (palm wine), which increases the alcohol content. The origins of the brand the rat stamp are not clear. It is suggested that sometime in the 1820s, before the Java War of 1830, legions of Minahasan KNIL found and purchased saguer saguer or sopi flutes sold with embroidered blue bottles with images of mice sold. by a Chinese trader at the Amsterdam Citadel in Manado. Today, however, due to poor regulation of alcohol production in the region, this traditional mouse industry is considered an illegal drink, due to the high prevalence of lethal alcohol poisoning.
Balinese bottle (Balinese rice wine) and arak are popular beverages on the predominantly Hindu island of Bali. Brem is brownish liquor with 5% alcohol. It is also exported to Japan and China. For the Balinese it has a religious significance as well. Brem , wine and tuak are required for beats (offerings) to the gods.
In Solo, Central Java, ciu , a local adaptation of Chinese wine, made from cane juice is known. This is related to Solo's history as a sugar cane plantation and production center in colonial times.
The Dutch colonial state was founded in Indonesia in the 1800s. The colonial Dutch brought their European drinking culture to the East Indies, most striking with beer. The Heineken beer company established a brewery in Surabaya in 1929 during Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. In the 1960s, Indonesians developed their own local beer brands, which included Bir Bintang (nationalized from Heineken) and Anker Beer.
Maps Alcohol in Indonesia
Rule
Presidential Regulation signed by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2013 provides legal protection for the distribution of alcohol, he classifies alcoholic beverages in Indonesia in three categories. Drinks that have an alcohol percentage of less than 5% (class A), 5% -20% (class B) and more than 20% (class C). It was a replacement decision in 1997 after the Supreme Court abolished it after an appeal from hard-line religious groups like the Islamic Defenders Front. The 2012 court decision came after the draft bill proposed by the United Development Party (PPP) to fully ban the sale, production and consumption of alcohol in Indonesia. However, the 2013 presidential rule is welcomed by travel agents in the wake of the harmful effects of the proposed draft on tourism.
The price of wine and liquor in Indonesia increased by 140.5% and 154.4% between 2009 and 2014. In 2015, the government raised the tariff on wine and liquor imports that almost doubled the price of alcoholic beverages.
Industry and products
Some foreign companies that sell alcohol in Indonesia are Diageo, Pernod Ricard, Remy Cointreau, and Bacardi. PT Multi Bintang is the largest domestic brewery in Indonesia. According to market experts, due to various regulations, the sale of alcohol declined in Indonesia.
Beer Bintang Multi Bintang brewer is the best selling beer in Indonesia. Multi Bintang is a subsidiary of Heineken Asia Pacific. In 2011, Beer Stars won the Gold Medal for the Lager Beer Category and were awarded 'Champion Beer 2011' at the world-class beer competition, Brewing Industry International Award (BIIA 2011) in London. In 2014, Radler Star was introduced which is the first taste beer produced domestically in Indonesia. Another major beer producer is the famous Delta Djakarta with its Anker Beer, and PT Bali Hai Brewery Indonesia is known as Bali Hai, an affiliate to the Asian brewery, which is also produced under other brand licenses including San Miguel beer, Asahi beer and Lowenbrau beer (no alcohol).
In 2012, the "Drum Green Label" whiskey from Astidama Distillery won a Gold Medal in Spirit International Prestige (SIP) Award held in the United States. It became the first whiskey from Indonesia to gain international recognition.
Illegal alcohol
The high price of alcoholic beverages in Indonesia, caused by high taxes and restrictions, has led to cases of illegal alcohol in the country. Since legal and imported alcoholic beverages become unreachable, locals turn to illegal alcohol with alcohol for cheaper drinks. These illegal alcoholic beverages are known in Indonesia as "alcoholic beverages" (lit. "solve alcohol") and account for more than 80% of alcohol consumed in Indonesia. These illegally produced, traditionally homemade liquors are considered illegal by Indonesian law, due to the high incidence of lethal alcohol poisoning. Hard liquor from Yogyakarta, for example, is made from industrial alcohol 85% by volume mixed with water with a ratio of 1: 4 or 5 alcohols to water; then mixed with juice as a flavoring agent.
In February 2010, 16 people died and 5 lapen sellers were arrested in Yogyakarta, due to alcohol poisoning and illicit alcohol production. In September 2010, three Russian Sukhoi combat technicians died in Makassar due to methanol poisoning in their drinks. The people of Yogyakarta are once again affected by alcohol made badly by 2016. Other traditionally made alcohol spirits like Solo ciu , cappy Manado , and some Balinese arak > wine Known as illegal alcohol, also because of the high incidence of alcohol poisoning.
See also
- Alcohol in Australia
- Alcohol in Iran
- Alcohol in Malaysia
- Alcohol in New Zealand
- List of countries based on alcohol consumption
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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